Meritocracy vs ........+ language twist

"A meritocracy is a social system in which people are allowed to prove themselves; to be all they can be, with everyone given a fair shot at success. The government does not aid or hinder them. Those who succeed either work harder or are more talented than those who don’t.

Your race doesn’t help you (as it might in an ethno-nationalist society). Your disability or poverty won’t promote you (as they might in an egalitarian welfare state). Your sex won’t aid you (as it might in a feminist or Islamic state). Your class won’t limit you (as it might in a Caste-based social system). Showy virtue, or memorising the Qur’an won’t aid you either (as it might Iran). In a meritocracy, you are not helped or hindered by the point you start from."

+ one comment on language

http://defendthemodernworld.wordpress.com/2014/08/26/meritocracy-the-social-ideal/

Astute Observersaid:

August 31, 2014 at 2:17 am

The left has successfully cultivated a language that supports their worldview. We don’t give handouts to the undeserving, we “invest in people”. We don’t sink into debt, we “stimulate the economy”. We don’t acquiesce to thugs and tyrants, we seek “dialogue for peace”.

Until the right retakes the linguistic high ground, we’re “quite simply fucked.”

1984 article fore warning of today

Education and Race - an Alternative View

Ray Honeyford

12:01AM BST 27 Aug 2006

Comment

This article, which The Salisbury Review published in 1984, cost Ray Honeyford his job as a head teacher. For speaking the truth, he was subjected to a long, bitter campaign, including death threats and other forms of persecution, orchestrated by an assortment of vehement idealogues. Twenty-two years on, the Review says that it "salutes Mr Honeyford's courage and intellectual integrity, which has been so clearly vindicated by recent events". Here, with the magazine's permission, we exclusively republish Mr Honeyford's observations:

The issues and problems of our multi racial inner cities are frequently thrown into sharp relief for me. As the head teacher of a school in the middle of a predominantly Asian area, I am often witness to scenes which have the raw feel of reality and the recipient of vehement criticism, whenever I question some of the current educational orthodoxies connected with race.

It is very difficult to write honestly and openly of my experiences, and the reflections they evoke, since the race relations lobby is extremely powerful in the state education service. The propaganda generated by multi racial zealots is now augmented by a growing bureaucracy of race in local authorities. And this makes freedom of speech difficult to maintain.

By exploiting the enormous tolerance traditional in this country, the race lobby has so managed to induce and maintain feelings of guilt in the well disposed majority, that decent people are not only afraid of voicing certain thoughts, they are uncertain even of their right to think those thoughts. They are intimidated not only by their fear of giving offence by voicing their own reasonable concerns about the inner cities, but by the necessity of conducting the debate in a language which is dishonest.

The term 'racism', for instance, functions not as a word with which to create insight, but as a slogan designed to suppress constructive thought. It conflates prejudice and discrimination, and thereby denies a crucial conceptual distinction. It is the icon word of those committed to the race game. And they apply it with the same sort of mindless zeal as the inquisitors voiced 'heretic' or Senator McCarthy spat out 'Commie'.

The word 'black' has been perverted. Every non white is now, officially, 'black', be he Indian, Pakistani or Vietnamese. This gross and offensive dichotomy has an obvious purpose: the creation of an atmosphere of anti white solidarity. To suppress and distort the enormous variations within races which I every day observe by using language in this way is an outrage to all decent people whatever their skin colour.

And there are other distortions: race riots are described by the politically motivated as 'uprisings', and by a Lord of Appeal as a 'superb and healthy catalyst for the British people' and the police blamed for the behaviour of violent thugs; rather like the patient blaming the doctor because he has a cold in the head.

'Cultural enrichment' is the approved term for the West Indian's right to create an ear splitting cacophony for most of the night to the detriment of his neighbour's sanity, or for the Notting Hill Festival whose success or failure is judged by the level of street crime which accompanies it.

At the schools' level the term refers to such things as the Muslim parent's insistence on banning his daughter from drama, dance and sport, i.e. imposing a purdah mentality in schools committed to the principle of sexual equality; and the determined efforts of misguided radical teachers to place such as the following alongside the works of Shakespeare and Wordsworth:

Wi mek a lickle date
fi nineteen seventy eight
An wi fite and wi fite
An defeat di state.
(From 'Inglan is a Bitch', Linton Kwesi Johnson)

No one, of course, is allowed to describe first generation black or coloured immigrants as 'immigrants' though no other collective noun exists. In the courts it has been revealed that we now have laws on the statute book which insist that Sikhism is a race, which, as three distinguished lords of appeal were able to demonstrate, contradicts the best available dictionary definitions.

We have, therefore, officially perverted words to such a degree that it would be perfectly reasonable in law to describe a member of the Church of England or the Labour Party as a member of an ethnic group, a manifest absurdity. (It is worth noting that in his judgement of this case, Lord Justice Kerr commented of The Commission for Racial Equality, 'The commission seemed to have created discord where there had been none before,' a view, I suspect, which is shared by the vast majority of the public with regard to most of the C.R.E.'s activities.)

We in the schools are also enjoined to believe that creole, pidgin and other non standard variants have the same power, subtlety and capacity for expressing five shades of meaning, and for tolerating uncertainty, ambiguity and irony as standard English. A generation of cultural relativists in the field of linguistics has managed to impose on the schools the mindless slogan 'All languages are equally good' - a myth recently and convincingly demolished by Professor John Honey in The Language Trap, a monograph published by the National Council for Educational Standards.

Those of us working in Asian areas are encouraged, officially, to 'celebrate linguistic diversity', ie applaud the rapidly mounting linguistic confusion in those growing number of inner city schools in which British born Asian children begin their mastery of English by being taught in Urdu.

Is this what education means ? ?

The Present—And Future—State of Higher Education in America

Robert S. Griffin on April 17, 2014 — 1 Comment

http://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2014/04/the-present-and-future-state-of-higher-education-in-america/

The public presentations as part of their candidacies by two finalists for a professorship at the University of Vermont:

Keon McGuire, Ph.D. candidate in the Graduate School of Education and African Studies at the University of Pennsylvania:  ”Problematizing the Presistent Problematizing of Black Students in Postsecondary Education.”   ”In this talk, I discuss methodological tools and theoretical frameworks that educational researchers could employ in order to move beyond studying Black students as problems and investigate new phenomena; namely the intersectionality of students’ racial, gendered and spiritual identities.”

Dr. Kelly Clark/Keefe, Associate Professor, Appalachian State University:  “Becoming Outsider, Becoming Educated, Becoming Undone: Towards an Interdisciplinary Justice-Oriented Perspective on College Student Identity Development.”  “Throughout the presentation, audience members will encounter my process of utilizing arts-based inquiry, inviting considerations that creative methods may help educational researchers to activate their commitment to social justice by carving out epistemic spaces for different ways of expressing unheard of or only partially effable truths.”

A third finalist for the professorship, Dr. Vijay Kanagala, Post-Doctoral Candidate, University of Texas, argues for the contribution he can make to a university setting in the Commission for Social Justice Educators Blog: “If not me, then who will counsel a recent immigrant about race and racism that was experienced at the supermarket or for that matter with an advisor or faculty member on campus?  If not me, then who will work with a White student to encourage the process of self-exploration of her/his identity, privilege, oppression and racism and the ensuing guilt that employs a non-judgmental model for that White student’s ignorance and lack of exposure to diverse issues?”

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Posted in Bias in academia

What did Chomsky say? and what are his effects?

Dispatches

Michael J. Totten

Noam Chomsky: The Last Totalitarian

20 August 2012

http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/michael-j-totten/noam-chomsky-last-totalitarian

My friend and colleague Benjamin Kerstein has published a number of books, and this summer he released what is perhaps the most blistering critique of the radical leftist ideologue Noam Chomsky ever to appear in book form. It’s called Diary of an Anti-Chomskyite and is a collection of essays, reviews, and take-downs that originally appeared on his blog of the same name during a three-year period from 2004 through 2007.

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I read most of the material in this book when it first appeared, and now I have it all in one place in trade paperback on my bookshelf. Kerstein and I discussed Chomsky and his new book last week.

MJT: What possessed you to spend three years writing about Noam Chomsky?

Benjamin Kerstein: That's a huge question, and lest people start thinking I'm completely obsessive, I should note that I was doing a lot of other things at the same time. The short answer is 9/11. I grew up in an extremely liberal community where Chomsky was very popular, and as soon as 9/11 happened I knew that all those people I used to know would go straight to him in order to find out what they should think about it, and what they would come back with would be very nasty indeed. I regret that I was proven absolutely correct in that. It was really a disgraceful display by some very disgraceful people. Chomsky had become quite marginal in the years before that, but after 9/11 the left disinterred him and put him back on a pedestal. The New York Times, for example, ran a ridiculously fawning profile of him. He was being mainstreamed again and I felt strongly that someone had to say something.

I like to think that I and the others who were speaking out against him managed to make a small difference. For years he was spewing this stuff out with basically no opposition at all. I hope we managed to give people some material that helped them apply some critical thinking to his claims.

MJT: Can you boil down your case against him into a couple of sentences or paragraphs?

Benjamin Kerstein

Benjamin Kerstein: There are a couple of main points that should be made. First, Chomsky is an absolutely shameless liar. A master of the argument in bad faith. He will say anything in order to get people to believe him. Even worse, he will say anything in order to shut people up who disagree with him. And I’m not necessarily talking about his public critics. If you've ever seen how he acts with ordinary students who question what he says, it's quite horrifying. He simply abuses them in a manner I can only describe as sadistic. That is, he clearly enjoys doing it. I don't think anyone ought to be allowed to get away with that kind of behavior.

Second, Chomsky is immensely important to the radical left. When it comes to American foreign policy he isn't just influential, he's basically all they have. Almost any argument made about foreign affairs by the radical left can be traced back to him. That wasn't the case when he started out back in the late '60s, but it is now.

Third, he is essentially the last totalitarian. Despite his claims otherwise, he's more or less the last survivor of a group of intellectuals who thought systemic political violence and totalitarian control were essentially good things. He babbles about human rights all the time, but when you look at the regimes and groups he's supported, it’s a very bloody list indeed.

Communism and fascism are obviously dead as the proverbial doornail, but I doubt the totalitarian temptation will ever go away. The desire for unity and a kind of beautiful tyranny seems to spring from somewhere deep in the human psyche.

Fourth—and this may be most important—he makes people stupid. In this sense, he's more like a cult leader or a New Age guru than an intellectual. He allows people to be comfortable with their prejudices and their hatreds, and he undercuts their ability to think in a critical manner. To an extent, this has to do with his use of emotional and moral blackmail. Since he portrays everyone who disagrees with him as evil, if you do agree with him you must be on the side of good and right. This is essentially a kind of secular puritanism, and it's very appealing to many people, for obvious reasons, I think. We all want to think well of ourselves, whether we deserve it or not.

There is an intellectual side to this, as well. You see it clearly in his famous debate with Michel Foucault. Chomsky says at one point that there is a moral and ethical order that is hardwired into human beings. And Foucault basically asks him, why? How do you know this hardwired morality exists? And even if it exists, how can we know that it is, in fact, moral in the first place? We may feel it to be moral, but that doesn't make it true.

Chomsky's answer is essentially: Because I believe it to be so. Now, whatever that is, it isn't thinking. In fact, it's an excuse for not thinking. Ironically, Chomsky later said that Foucault was the most amoral man he ever met, whereas I would argue that Foucault was simply pointing out that Chomsky's “morality” is in fact a form of nihilism.

I think people come to Chomsky and essentially worship him for precisely that reason. He allows them to feel justified in their refusal to think. They never have to ask themselves any difficult questions or provide any difficult answers. It’s a form of intellectual cowardice essentially, but I'm sure you can see its appeal.

Police change sides or Public changes sides??

http://jonrappoport.wordpress.com/2013/03/30/how-kill-the-pigs-became-only-the-police-should-have-guns/

How “kill the pigs” became “only the police should have guns”

How “kill the pigs” became “only the police should have guns”

by Jon Rappoport

March 30, 2013

www.nomorefakenews.com

In the fabled 1960s, the cops were called pigs, and anybody on the political Left who wanted a ticket to the show knew that and mouthed it often.

At rallies, protests, and riots, people said: are the pigs here yet? I heard they were three blocks away. Wonder how many pigs they’re sending today? There! There they are! The pigs!

Now, on the Left, that tradition has morphed into: repeal the 2^nd Amendment; turn in your guns; citizens with guns are satanic; the police will protect us; a private citizen with a gun is a killer and needs psychiatric lockdown; suspend that five-year old with the gun screen-saver.

What happened?

In 1968, if you asked a leftie college student whether a black man living in the inner city had a right to own a gun to protect himself against the cops, the answer, ten out of ten times, would have been yes.

Now, that leftie kid will be talking about the insanity of anybody owning a gun. Except for the cops.

Well, three things have happened since the 1960s. The end of the military draft, and the end of anybody caring who smokes pot or who has sex with who. Those changes melted away the whole “movement.”

A professor friend taught at UCLA during the turbulent 60s and early 70s. He told me as soon as the Vietnam war was over, the campus transformed in a flash. Students were suddenly all about finding a niche in the job market after graduation. Boom. Switch on, switch off.

The titanic idealism was put away in a drawer and filed under “crazy shit I did.”

The one remaining piece from the 60s that has endured is hatred of big corporations. But gradually, a parallel mindset has developed. First, grudging acceptance of big government; then toleration; then admiration.

Now, the Left is all about big government and the “positive changes” it can make.

And when I say the Left, I also mean the center, and a great deal of the right, because they’ve come along for the ride, too. They are the Left now.

In 1968, a big-time liberal presidential candidate, Hubert Humphrey, was the target of riots, by the Left, at the Democratic National Convention. Those riots tore apart half the city. Two years earlier, a march, by the Left, on the Century Plaza Hotel in LA, where Democratic President Lyndon Johnson was staying, sealed his fate. It was the last stone. Johnson, who had presided over the war on poverty and the creation of “The Great Society,” the biggest federal program since FDR’s New Deal, was mangled into oblivion.

Johnson announced he wouldn’t run for office again in 1968.

If Pelosi, Reid, Frank, and Obama had been around then, they would have been hammered in the same way by the Left. If they were for the war in Vietnam.

That was the big key, the war. Or to be precise, the military draft.

“Hey, hey, LBJ, how many kids did you kill today?!”

Meaning: “I won’t risk my neck going to Nam!”

The elite Left has become the personification of the soccer mom now. Worries about everything. Danger everywhere. Needs more helmets. Schedules more play dates. Wants more state surveillance. “If you’re against intrusion on your privacy, maybe you have something to hide.” “Keep the poor bottled up in inner cities, give them anything they want, just don’t let them into my neighborhood.”

The Left has also become the promise of a vague fairyland new age. “We’re all in this together.” “We can raise up the lowest among us (by printing more money).”

Applying pressure

Andrew Bolt’s blog, which had this quotefrom Jane Albrechtson:

Showing their illiberal tendencies, many on the Left view their ideological opponents in different terms. Opponents are not just wrong but evil. And evil views have no place in a civil society. Seeing conspiracies around every corner, they prefer silencing dissent to answering it. Whether it’s about supporting strong borders or challenging the victimhood focus of indigenous policies, opponents are assumed to have bad motives: read racism and xenophobia. And those with bad motives don’t deserve an airing.

origin of paul henry's dipshit

double d (40) Says:

October 9th, 2010 at 8:43 am
this from my mate in India last week before all this rubbish began.

WHO IS JACK SCHITT?

For some time many of us have wondered just who is Jack Schitt? We’ve all probably said at some point “I don’t give a Jack Schitt” without knowing the origin of the saying. Well, you do now!!

We find ourselves at a loss when someone says, ‘You don’t know Jack Schitt’!
Well, thanks to my genealogy efforts, you can now respond in an intellectual way.

Jack Schitt is the only son of Awe Schitt. Awe Schitt, the fertilizer magnate, who married O. Schitt, the owner of Needeep N. Schitt, Inc. They had one son, Jack.

In turn, Jack Schitt married Noe Schitt. The deeply religious couple produced six children: Holie Schitt, Giva Schitt, Fulla Schitt, Bull Schitt, and the twins Deep Schitt and Dip Schitt.

Against her parents’ objections, Deep Schitt married Dumb Schitt, a high school dropout.
After being married 15 years, Jack and Noe Schitt divorced.
Noe Schitt later married Ted Sherlock, and because her kids were living with them, she wanted to keep her previous name. She was then known as Noe Schitt Sherlock.

Meanwhile, Dip Schitt married Loda Schitt, and they produced a son with a rather nervous disposition named Chicken Schitt. Two of the other six children, Fulla Schitt and Giva Schitt, were inseparable throughout childhood and subsequently married the Happens brothers in a dual ceremony.
The wedding announcement in the ne wspaper announced the Schitt-Happens nuptials. The Schitt-Happens children were Dawg, Byrd, and Horse.

Bull Schitt, the prodigal son, left home to tour the world.
He recently returned from Italy with his new Italian bride, Pisa Schitt.

Now when someone says, ‘You don’t know Jack Schitt’, you can correct them.

Sincerely,
Crock O. Schitt

Viking2 (2,719) Says:

October 9th, 2010 at 10:21 am
Not withstanding the Dikshit comments the this whole beat up about Henry has become slanted way beyond the truth.

The October 1 piece was followed on Monday by Henry saying Governor-General Sir Anand Satyanand – who was born and raised in Auckland – did not “look or sound like a New Zealander”.

Now having watched TVNZ replay this clip on the news again last night it is clear that he (Henry) did not say that at all.
He asked Key “was the GG a NZer. Key replies and then Henry asked would the next GG be a person who looked and sounded like a NZer”

There was no slur against the present GG merely a fair question about his citizenship. A fair question that many would not know the answer to. It also seems that many Kiwi’s couldn’t have named the GG anyway. (about normal for Kiwi’s)

backster (720) Says:

October 9th, 2010 at 10:29 am
DOUBLE D……somewhere in your genealogy you missed out the birth of a illegitimate child call Dik.
Griff (7,939 comments) says: 
November 12th, 2014 at 9:19 pm

I think my wife is a part time Muslim…

Once a month she is offended by everything!

Religious Shit Taoism Shit happens. Buddhism If shit happens, it’s not really shit. Islam If shit happens, it’s the will of Allah. Protestantism Shit happens because you don’t work hard enough. Judaism Why does this shit always happen to us? Hinduism This shit happened before. Catholicism Shit happens because you’re bad. Hare Krishna Shit happens rama rama. T.V. Evangelism Send more shit. Atheism No shit. Jehova’s Witness Knock knock, shit happens. Hedonism There’s nothing like a good shit happening. Christian Science Shit happens in your mind. Agnosticism Maybe shit happens, maybe it doesn’t. Rastafarianism Let’s smoke this shit. Existentialism What is shit anyway? Stoicism This shit doesn’t bother me.

If  you do not shit you will die.
-------------------------

“Shit” may just be the most powerful word in the English language. You can be shit faced, shit out of luck, or have shit for brains. With a little effort, you can get your shit together, find a place for your shit or decide to shit or get off the pot. You can smoke shit, buy shit, sell shit, lose shit, find shit, forget shit, and tell others to eat shit and die. Some people know their shit while others can’t tell shit. There are lucky shits, dumb shits, crazy shits, and sweet shits. There is bull shit, horse shit and chicken shit. There is good shit and bad shit. You can throw shit, sling shit, catch shit, or duck when shit hits the fan. You can give a shit or serve shit on a shingle. You can find yourself in deep shit or be happier than a pig in shit. Some days are colder than shit, some days are hotter than shit, and some days are just plain shitty. Some music sounds like shit, things can look like shit, and there are times when you feel like shit. You can have too much shit, not enough shit, the right shit, the wrong shit or a lot of weird shit. You can carry shit, have a mountain of shit, or find yourself up shit creek without a paddle. Sometimes everything you touch turns to shit and other times you swim in a sea of shit and come out smelling like a rose. When you stop to consider all the facts, it’s the basic building block of creation.

And then there is Holyshit

--------------

“Shit” may just be the most powerful word in the English language.

What the fuck? No fucking way.

---------------

Jack Shit is a near cousin of Fuck All

----------------------

Prayer

Sura Al-Fatiha (Arabic: سورة الفاتحة‎, Sūratu al-Fātihah, "The Opener") is the first chapter of the Muslim holy book, the Qur'an. Its seven verses are a prayer for God's guidance, and stress His lordship and mercy. This chapter has an essential role in daily prayers; Muslims recite the Surah Al-Fatiha seventeen times a day, at the start of each unit of prayer.

The Arabic text with transliteration and translation in English is as follows: [Qur'an 1:1].

1:1 بِسْمِ اللّهِ الرَّحْمـَنِ الرَّحِيم

Bismillāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
1:2 الْحَمْدُ للّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِين

Al ḥamdu lillāhi rabbi l-'ālamīn
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds
1:3 الرَّحمـنِ الرَّحِيم

Ar raḥmāni r-raḥīm
The Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
1:4 مَـالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّين

Māliki yawmi d-dīn
Master of the Day of Judgement
1:5 إِيَّاك نَعْبُدُ وإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِين

Iyyāka na'budu wa iyyāka nasta'īn
To you we worship and to you we turn to in help.
1:6 اهدِنَــــا الصِّرَاطَ المُستَقِيمَ

Ihdinā ṣ-ṣirāṭ al-mustaqīm
Show us the straight path,
1:7 صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنعَمتَ عَلَيهِمْ غَيرِ المَغضُوبِ عَلَيهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّين

Ṣirāṭ al-laḏīna an'amta 'alayhim ġayril maġḍūbi 'alayhim walāḍ ḍāllīn
The path of those whom Thou hast favoured; Not the (path) of those who earn Thine anger nor of those who go astray.

In the seventh verse, hadith inform us that "ġayril maġḍūbi 'alayhim" (those who earned your anger) refers to the Jews, who, according to Allah, abandoned practicing his religion; "walāḍ ḍāllīn" (those who went astray) refers to the Christians, who lost the knowledge and thus deserve less anger.[1][2][3]

Wikipedia

Cults

The Cult Test
Questions 1 to 10
by A. Orange
http://www.orange-papers.org/orange-cult_q0.html
• 1. The Guru is always right.
• 2. You are always wrong.
• 3. No Exit.
• 4. No Graduates.
• 5. Cult-speak.
• 6. Group-think, Suppression of Dissent, and Enforced Conformity in Thinking
• 7. Irrationality.
• 8. Suspension of disbelief.
• 9. Denigration of competing sects, cults, religions...
• 10. Personal attacks on critics.
• 11. Insistence that the cult is THE ONLY WAY.
• 12. The cult and its members are special.
• 13. Induction of guilt, and the use of guilt to manipulate cult members.
• 14. Unquestionable Dogma, Sacred Science, and Infallible Ideology.
• 15. Indoctrination of members.
• 16. Appeals to "holy" or "wise" authorities.
• 17. Instant Community.
• 18. Instant Intimacy.
• 19. Surrender To The Cult.
• 20. Giggly wonderfulness and starry-eyed faith.
• 21. Personal testimonies of earlier converts.
• 22. The cult is self-absorbed.
• 23. Dual Purposes, Hidden Agendas, and Ulterior Motives.
• 24. Aggressive Recruiting.
• 25. Deceptive Recruiting.
• 26. No Humor.
• 27. You Can't Tell The Truth.
• 28. Cloning — You become a clone of the cult leader or other elder cult members.
• 29. You must change your beliefs to conform to the group's beliefs.
• 30. The End Justifies The Means.
• 31. Dishonesty, Deceit, Denial, Falsification, and Rewriting History.
• 32. Different Levels of Truth.
• 33. Newcomers can't think right.
• 34. The Cult Implants Phobias.
• 35. The Cult is Money-Grubbing.
• 36. Confession Sessions.
• 37. A System of Punishments and Rewards.
• 38. An Impossible Superhuman Model of Perfection.
• 39. Mentoring.
• 40. Intrusiveness.
• 41. Disturbed Guru, Mentally Ill Leader.
• 42. Disturbed Members, Mentally Ill Followers.
• 43. Create a sense of powerlessness, covert fear, guilt, and dependency.
• 44. Dispensed existence
• 45. Ideology Over Experience, Observation, and Logic
• 46. Keep them unaware that there is an agenda to change them
• 47. Thought-Stopping Language. Thought-terminating clichés and slogans.
• 48. Mystical Manipulation
• 49. The guru or the group demands ultra-loyalty and total committment.
• 50. Demands for Total Faith and Total Trust
• 51. Members Get No Respect. They Get Abused.
• 52. Inconsistency. Contradictory Messages
• 53. Hierarchical, Authoritarian Power Structure, and Social Castes
• 54. Front groups, masquerading recruiters, hidden promoters, and disguised propagandists
• 55. Belief equals truth
• 56. Use of double-binds
• 57. The cult leader is not held accountable for his actions.
• 58. Everybody else needs the guru to boss him around, but nobody bosses the guru around.
• 59. The guru criticizes everybody else, but nobody criticizes the guru.
• 60. Dispensed truth and social definition of reality
• 61. The Guru Is Extra-Special.
• 62. Flexible, shifting morality
• 63. Separatism
• 64. Inability to tolerate criticism
• 65. A Charismatic Leader
• 66. Calls to Obliterate Self
• 67. Don't Trust Your Own Mind.
• 68. Don't Feel Your Own Feelings.
• 69. The cult takes over the individual's decision-making process.
• 70. You Owe The Group.
• 71. We Have The Panacea.
• 72. Progressive Indoctrination and Progressive Commitments
• 73. Magical, Mystical, Unexplainable Workings
• 74. Trance-Inducing Practices
• 75. New Identity — Redefinition of Self — Revision of Personal History
• 76. Membership Rivalry
• 77. True Believers
• 78. Scapegoating and Excommunication
• 79. Promised Powers or Knowledge
• 80. It's a con. You don't get the promised goodies.
• 81. Hypocrisy
• 82. Denial of the truth. Reversal of reality. Rationalization and Denial.
• 83. Seeing Through Tinted Lenses
• 84. You can't make it without the cult.
• 85. Enemy-making and Devaluing the Outsider
• 86. The cult wants to own you.
• 87. Channelling or other occult, unchallengeable, sources of information.
• 88. They Make You Dependent On The Group.
• 89. Demands For Compliance With The Group
• 90. Newcomers Need Fixing.
• 91. Use of the Cognitive Dissonance Technique.
• 92. Grandiose existence. Bombastic, Grandiose Claims.
• 93. Black And White Thinking
• 94. The use of heavy-duty mind control and rapid conversion techniques.
• 95. Threats of bodily harm or death to someone who leaves the cult.
• 96. Threats of bodily harm or death to someone who criticizes the cult.
• 97. Appropriation of all of the members' worldly wealth.
• 98. Making cult members work long hours for free.
• 99. Total immersion and total isolation.
• 100. Mass suicide.

I was really hoping for number 100 but alas unlike most of the others I doubt that one fits unless there's a fatwa.

Globish

BASIC GLOBISH


Globish (from the words "global" and "English") is becoming the widespread language of the business world that is used among non-Anglophones. This language was put together by Jean-Paul Nerriere who considered it "the world dialect of the third millennium." The "English-lite" 1,500 word listing is similar to what I.A. Richards did with 850 word "Basic English" for use in China in the 1920s. Another attempt has been "Anglic," but this does not use English words in their commonly spelled forms, and looks strange to many of us native-born English users. As a pastime for about 20 years, I have worked on a "Basic English" of about 1,200 words; this has been background work on my "Appalachian Word Listing."



English-speaking nations need to put resources into the communications process in order to equal the efforts of non-natives second language people. It is not fair that all second language-learning efforts be made by others especially from developing countries; far better that we learn to limit our global language in order to help them. Let's keep words basic and simple.



Our goal is to use "basic Globish" in our Internet Daily Reflections. Some might say that it will be limiting or "straight-jacketing" subjects that are being addressed. That is why it will take some time to choose those words, which prove most necessary and which to substitute. American speakers use about ten thousand words and writers twice that number; people in different professions have their own technical words. How about defining additional words when used? The future goal of limited but appropriate expression is for the benefit of a wide variety of people who read these reflections and consider English as a second language. Let's go half way?



The listing of my 1,500 basic "Globish" words (black-underlined) is quite similar to the existing Internet Globish listing (in bold letters). Some 195 words that have been added (++) (underlined), and 195 words that have been combined, removed or substituted by existing words are in bold (--). When the two listings are the same, the word is made bold and underlined (XX). When words are combined (e.g. with + in) or are forms of a basic stem (e.g., inform and "information"), we include both under one heading.



In addition, we list four groupings, or a total of 500 words:

76 commonly used American proper names;

127 American foods;

186 other American words such as business; and

111 regional plants and animals.

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The 700+ grey-underlined major words (in caps) in The Penguin Roget's College Thesaurus in Dictionary Form (New York: Penguin Putnam, Inc., 2003) are included here or fitting substitutes made.



Globish Word Listing 1,500 words

A, AN

ABLE -ness Power

ABOUT round about, about face

ABOVE

++ Absurd Absurdity

ACCEPT -s, -ed, -er, -ing, -able "acceptance" Consent

Receiving

++ Access -es, -ed, -ing, Increase, Approach Arrival

-ible, "accession"

ACCIDENT -s, -al, -ally not essential

ACCOUNT -s , -ed, Accounting, -able Description

-- [Accuse] "Accusation" to fault, charge

ACROSS

ACT -s, -ual, -ually, -ed, -ing Activity lack of {on, up, with}

of doing "Action"

-- [Actor] lack of Inactivity

++ Active Activity

-- [Activist]

ADD -s, -ed, -ing "Addition" Increase Acquisition -al, -ally

++ Address -ed, -er, -ing Request Abode

ADMINISTRATION -s

ADMIT -s, -ed, -ing "admission"

ADULT -s

++ Advance -s, -d, -r, -ing [progression] Approach, [promotion] Offer {in, on, to, with}

ADVERTISE -s, -d, -ing "advertisement," ad Publication

ADVISE s, -d, -ing, -or Advice

-- [Affect] = Influence, touch

-- [Afraid] = fearful

AFTER -wards = in back of

AGAIN a- and again, say it - Repetition

AGAINST over- [contraposition], Opposition, Disagreement

AGE -s, -ed, -ing, -less very old age = ancient

AGENCY -ies, + person = "Agent"

-- [Aggression] = warlike act

AGO

AGREE -s, -d, -ing, -able, ably "Agreement", lack of Discord

mutual a.Compromise, Assent, Conformity

AGRICULTURE = farming

-- [Aid] = help, financial support

AIM -s, -ed, -ing Intention -less

AIR y -s, - ness, -ing,-ed,-man [aeronaut] -plane; put on airs Boasting; -

craft {out Ventilation}

-- [Air Force] "military service"

AIRPLANE -s

-- [air+port]

++ Alarm -s, -ed, -ing

-- [Album] = collection

-- [Alive] = lively a + live



ALL Whole -blessed, -clear, -fired, fours, right, " almost, also,

although, altogether, All Holy, + most, + ready, +so, + though, +together,

-- [Ally] = fellow "Alliance" "united group"

-- [Almost] = all+ most

-- [Alone] = a + lone = single

-- [Along] = a + long = together with

-- [Already] = all + ready

-- [Also] = all + so

-- [Although = all + though

-- [Always] = all + ways

AMMUNITION -s

AMONG

AMOUNT -s, -ed, -ing Quantity

-- [Anarchy] = no government

-- [Ancestor] = fore + bearer

-- [Ancient] very old

AND

ANGER -s, angry, -ed, -ing Resentment bent Irracibility

ANGLE -s, -ed, -ing, -r, -ular Angularity = Elbow, slope, grade

-- [Angry] cf. anger

ANIMAL -s, science, sounds

ANNIVERSARY -ies = commemoration

ANNOUNCE -s, -er, -ed, -ing "annunciation'

-- [Another] an + other

ANSWER -s, -er, -ed, -ing, -able

ANY -body, one, place, time, thing

APOLOGIZE -s, -d, -r, -ing

-- [Appeal] = call for

APPEAR -s, -red, -red, -ring, "Appearance" = seem

APPLE -s fruit, Food

-- [Appoint] make, give official

++ Appropriate -ed, -ing, -ly Borrowing "appropriation"

APPROVE -s, -r, -d, -ing, -al Approbation, Consent, lack of = not okay

AREA -s Region

ARGUE -s, -d, -r, -ing, "argument"

ARM Arms -ed service, -ing, -hold

ARMY -ies

-- [Around] = nearly a + round = round about

ARREST -s, -er, -ed, -ing put in custody

ARRIVE -s, -d, r, -ing, Arrival

ART -s, -ful Cunning, lack in -fulness, maker "Artist"

-- [Artillery] Heavy guns, gun group

AS

ASH -es - Wednesday, tree

ASK -s, Request -ed, -ing Ask sincerely

ASSIST -s, -ed, -ing, -ant "Assistance" Aid

ASTRONOMY - -cal, -icallly, -er

AT home

ATMOSPHERE -s Air

++ Atom -s "atomic"

-- [Attach] = tie, connect

ATTACK -s, -ed, -ing, -er

ATTEMPT -s, -ed, -ing,

ATTEND -s, -ed, -er, -ing, "Attention" [heed] Care;lack of Inattention

-- [Attention] cf. attend

++ Attract -s, -ed, -ing, "Attraction" pulling power, allurement

AUTHORITY -ies

AUTOMATIC -ally [ "automation"

AUTOMOBILE -s Auto

AUTUMN = fall season, late in life

AVERAGE -s, -d, -r, -ing Mediocrity

AVOID -s, -ed, -ing, -able "Avoidance"

AWAKE -s, awoke, -ing

-- [Award] = grant

++ Aware -ness Sensability = conscious

-- [Away] a + way Being away Absence

BABY -s, -ied, -ing

BACK Rear -s, -ed, -ing [cf support],

-er, -board, -ground, -wards

Regression

BAD -ly, Badness, time [untimeliness], times Adversity

example [disreputable person], lands, name Disrepute

BAG -s, -ger, -ging, -ged, -man, -woman = sack, capture

BALANCE -s, -ing, -d, -r Symmetry, [counter-]; lack of

BALL -s

BALLOON -s, -ed, -ing

BALLOT -s, -ed, -ing = cast vote

BAN -s, -ned, -ner = forbid

BANK -s, -er, -ing, -ed, note,

BAR -s, shaft -red, -ring

BARRIER -s = block + age, stronghold = obstacle

BASE Cause -s, -d, -ing -less "Basic" -ness

BASKET -s, -ball

BATTLE -s = fight "battleground"

BE am, are, is, was, were, been, will, WOULD, shall, should

++ Bear -s, -er Agent,-ly, -able, -ing, bore, borne against, out,

through, up, with

BEAT -s, -er, -ing [repeated sound] n. = Drum, v. = Whip

BEAUTIFUL "Beauty" fully

BECAUSE

BECOME -s, became, -ing

BED -s, -ded, -ding -ding, -room

BEFORE -hand Priority = in front of

BEGIN -s, -ner, began, begun Beginning

BEHIND -in back of; behind time

BELIEVE -s, -r, -d, -ing, "Belief", true, false, lack of Incredulity

BELL -ringer, sound

BELONG -s, -ed, -ing

BELOW -ground,

BEND -s Deviation -er, bent Tendency, -ing

-- [Best] superlative of "good"

-- [Betray] reveal, deceive -er = turncoat

-- [Better] comparative of "good"

BETWEEN = in space separating two things

BIG -ger, -gest, -ness b-hearted Liberality

BILL -s, -ed, -ing Receiving

BILLION -s #

BIOLOGY -ical, -ically, -ist

BIRD -s, -ed, -ing = flying animals -er

BIRTH -s, Beginning -ed, -ing High - Nobility

BITE -s, -er, bit -ting

++ Bitter -s, -ly,-ness Unsavoriness [resentment] = anger

BLACK -s, -ness Color, market [illicit business]

BLADE -s, -ed, -less, of grass

BLAME Accusation, -s, -er, -ed, -ing, -ful, -lessness Innocence, Guilt

-- [Blanket] = heavy cover

++ Bless -s, -ed, -edness, -ing

BLEED -s, bled, -ing

BLIND Blindness -s, -ed, -ing, -ly [blind faith]

BLOCK -s, -er, -ed, -ing Hindrance, put a block

BLOOD y -ed, -ing Relation "kin"

BLOW -s, blew, blown, -ing, {out, up = Blast, swell}

BLUE -ing -ness Color blue blood Nobility

BOARD -s, Food, Provision [tribunal] -ed, -ing

++ Boast -s, -ed, Boasting, -ful

BOAT -s, -ing, [watercraft]

BODY -ies Parts

++ Bold -er, -est, -ly, -ness Courage Defiance

make bold = dare

BOMB -s, -ed, -er, -ing {out}

++ Bond -s, -er, -ed Subjection; -ing; [securities]

BONE -s, -d, -ing -less, -dry

BOOK -s, -ed, -er, -ing Good - Sacred Writings

BORDER -s, -ed, -ing

BORN

BORROW -s, -er, -ed, Borrowing

BOTH

BOTTLE -s, -r, -d, -ing cf. container

BOTTOM -s, -ed, man, place, side

++ Bow -s, = bulge

BOX -es, -er, -ed, -ing -ed off, up

BOY -s

-- [Boycott] refusal to deal with

BRAIN -s, -less

BRAKE -s, -ed, -ing Cane-

BRANCH -s, -ed, -ing [stream] [divergence]

-- [Brass] metal

-- [Brave] cf. Bold

BREAD -s, -ed Food

BREAK -s, broke, broken,-ing,-able Brittleness, [disjuncture] -fast

{at, for, in, off, out, over, through, up Divorce, disintegration], with}

BREATHE -s, -d, -r, -ing Vapor, Touch; take a breath

++ Breed -s, -er,bred,-ing Domestication, Reproduction, Posterity

BRICK -s, -ed, -ing

BRIDGE -s, -d, -ing, -hold

BRIEF -s, -ed, -ing, -ly,-ness, -ing, [compendium]

BRIGHT -ly, -ness [cheerfulness] [pleasantness]

BRING -s, brought, -ing {in, off, out, over, to light Disclosure, up, with}

++ Broad -s, -er, -est, -ly, -ness Breadth, -mindedness = wide

-- [Broadcast] Broad + cast

BROTHER -s, -ly

BROWN -ness Color

BRUSH -es, Touch -ed, -ing

++ Bubble -s, -d, -r, -ing

BUDGET -s, -ted, -ting

BUILD -s, built, "Building," -er, {in, on, over, with, up}

-- [Building] cf, build

BULLET -s

BURN -s, -ed, -ing {off, on, out, over, through, up, with}

BURST -s

BURY -ies, -ied,-ing, -ial Internment

BUS -es, -ed, -ing

BUSINESS -es, -like -man

BUSY -ier, iest, busyness,

BUT for Exclusion

BUTTER -s, -ed, -ing

BUTTON -s, -ed, -ing, type of fastener

BUY -s, -er, bought, -ing for, in, off [bribery], out, up

BY bystanders

CABINET -s key administrators

++ Calendar -s

CALL -s, -er, -ed, -ing

CALM -s, -ed, -ing, -ly, -er, -est -ness

CAMERA -s

CAMP -s, -er, -ed, -ing [military]

CAMPAIGN -s, -ed, -er, -ing [expedition][drive]

CAN could -s, -ned, -ning, -ner

CANCEL "cancellation" -s, -led, cancelling

CANCER Disease

CANDIDATE -s

CAPITAL -s

-- [Capture] = take hold of, bag, take prisoner

CAR -s

CARD -s, -ed, -ing -carrying

CARE -s, -r, -d, -ing, -ful,-fulness, -less, -lessness, lack of

-- [Careful]

-- [Carriage] = railroad car, car, carrier

CARRY -ies, -ier Agent, -ied, -ing over, up

CASE -s, -ed, -ing, Lawsuit

CASH -es Payment -ier, -ed, -ing

++ Cast -s, -eer, -ing {about, forth, down, in, off, out, up}

CAT -s, -ted, -ting, -call, tails,

CATCH -es, -er, -ing, caught {up [implication] {on, over, up, with} = trap

CAUSE -s, -d, -ing, Attribution

CELEBRATE -s, -ed, -ing "Celebration" Rite

++ Cell -s stem -, - phone

CENTER -s, -ed, -edness, -ing; -ral, -ly, = focus

CENTURY -ies

CEREMONY -ies -ial, ially

CERTAIN -ly, -ness "Certainty" = SURE

CHAIN -s, -ed, -ing, less Continuity = Series

CHAIR + MAN -woman -s, -ed, -ing,

++ Challenge Command -s, -r, -d, -ing, c. to fight Defiance

-- [Champion] = key prized one

CHANCE -s, -d, -ing Gambling

CHANGE -s, -d, -r,-ing,-able, Changeableness, Transientnes over

CHARGE -s, -er,-ed, -ing, -able Commission, Accusation, Command

-- [Chase] go after

++ Check -s Restraint -ed, -ing - point, -money order

CHEER -y, -ed, -er, -ing, -ful, Cheerfulness, -leader,(on, up, with}

CHEESE -s y Soft, white, yellow

CHEMICAL -s Inorganic Matter; Organic Matter

CHEMISTRY = Study of chemical action

CHEST -s, -nut, full c.= breast Convexity

CHIEF -s, -ly Authority

CHILD children, Youth -like

CHOOSE -s, -y chose, chosen -s, -ing, "Choice"

CHURCH -s, -ed, -ing

CIRCLE -s, -ing, -d, -ular, "Circularity"

CITIZEN -s Inhabitant upstanding person

CITY -ies Abode

-- [Civilian] non-military

CLAIM -s, -er, -ed, -ing

-- [Clash] = fight

CLEAN -s, -er, -est, -ed, -ing, Cleanness lack of Impurity {out, up}

CLEAR -s, -er, -est, -ing -ness

CLIMATE -s "climatic"

CLIMB -s, -ed, -er, -ing, -able {in, on, out, over, up, with}

CLOCK -s, -ed, -er, -ing

CLOSE -s, -d, -ing Closure, Act of enlosing Enclosure

CLOTH -s, -es, -ed. -er Clothing the cloth = Clergy

CLOUD y Cloudiness -ed, -ing Opacity

COAL -s Fuel

COAST -s, -ed, -er, -ing, -al Coast Guard

COAT -s, -ed, -ing Covering [hair]

COFFEE -s

COLD -s, -er, -est, -ly, -ness

COLLAR -s, -ed, -ing

COLLECT -s, -ed, -er, -ing -able "collection"

COLLEGE -s, -ial, ially

COLONY ies, -ial, ially

COLOR -s, -ed, -ing {on, up} different c. Variegation

COMBINE -s, -d, -r, -ing "Combination" = combo

COME -s, -er, -ing, came, {after Sequence, back, by, for, in, into

off, on, out, over, together [merge], up to Approach [imminence]

COMFORT -s Content -ed, -ing, -er, -able, ably

COMMAND -s, -ed, -ing "commandment"

COMMENT -s, -ed, -ing, -able

COMMITTEE -s

COMMON -s-er, -est, -ly, -ness Mediocrity -al [commonality]

COMMUNICATE -s, -d, -ing, -er, "Communication"-s

COMMUNITY -ies

COMPANY -ies [Association] Accompaniment [group] = fellow

COMPARE -s, -d, -r, -ing, -able "Comparison"

COMPETE -s, -d, -ing "competition"

COMPLETE -s, -ly, -ness "Completion" lack of -ed,-ing, lack of c. Incompleteness, = finish

COMPLEX -ed, -ing "complexity"

COMPROMISE -s, -d, -r, -ing

COMPUTE -s Computers -ed, -ing

CONCERN -s, -ed, -ing = anxiety

CONDEMN -s, -ed, -ing "Condemnation" Disappropriation

CONDITION -s, Circumstance, -ing, -ed, -er, Qualification -al,-ally, lack of

++ Conduct -or, -ed, -ing lack of Wrong

CONFERENCE -s, -ed, -ing

++ Confess -s, -ed, -or, -ing, Disclosure "confession"

CONFIRM -s, -ed, -ing, "confirmation"

CONGRATULATE -s, -d, r, -ing, "Congratulation"

-- [Congress] [shifted to appendix] national law-making body

CONNECT -s, -ed, -er, -ing "Connection"

++ Conserve -s, -d, -r, -ing "conservation"

CONSERVATIVE -s, -ly

CONSIDER -s, -ed, -ing "consideration" regard

++ Consume -s, -d, -r, -ing, -able, take up "consumption"

CONTAIN -s, -er, -ers Receptacle -ed, -ing, fact of being c Inclusion

++ Content -s -ed, self-c. not Discontent

CONTINENT -s

CONTINUE -s, -ed, -ing, not Discontinuance, -ual, c. living = survive

++ Contract -s, -or, -ed, -ing "Contraction," Promise = shrink

CONTROL -s, Restraint, self- Aceticism, -ling, -ler, -ed, Moderation

CONVENTION -s, "form or correctness;" "formal gathering"

COOK -s, -er, -ed, -ing {for, on, to, up, upon, with} out

COOL -s, -ing,-ed, -ness Indifference,-er [Refrigeration] {down, off}

COOPERATE -s, -d, -ing "Cooperation"

COPY -ies, -ier, -ied, -ing {after Imitation, out} copyright

-- [Cork] = stopper

CORN -s -y = Food, grain

CORRECT -s, -ed, -er, -ing, able "Correction" Penitence

COST -s, -ing, costly = high - Dearness

COTTON -s, -ed, -ing type of fiber

COUNT -s, -ed, -er, -ing Numeration -less, lessly {for, in, off, on = depend, out, over, through, up}

++ Counter -s, -ed, -ing - blow Retaliation -ed, -ing, - group, -action Opposition, -act, balance, order, service, -step,

COUNTRY -ies the country music, -side,

COURT -s Council -ed, -ing, -ly, -liness [dignity]

COVER -s, -ed, Covering {off, on, over, up} -alls

COW -s, -ed, -ing [bully]

++ Crack -s -er, -ers, -ed, -ing Interval

++ Craft -s, -ed, -ing y Cunning

CRASH -s, -ed, -er, -ing

CREATE -s, -or, -d, -ing Cause "creation" Sculpture

CREATURE -s

CREDIT -s, Attribution -or, -s, -ed, -ing, -able

-- [Crew] = working team, group

CRIME -s Illegality, vice criminal

-- [Criminal]

CRISIS crises

CRITIC -s, "criticize"

++ Cross -s, -ed, Crossing, purposes

CRUSH -s, -er, -ed, -ing, -able

CRY -ies, -ier, -ied, -ing Lamentation {in, out [stridor], over}

CULTURE -s, -d, -ing Taste -d, -al

CUP -s, -ped, -ping full Destiny

CURE -s, -d, -er, -ing Remedy -all, -less

CURRENT -s, -ly = events

++ Curse -s, -ed, -ing Imprecation

CURTAIN -ed window dressing

CUSTOM =s, -ed Habit -ual, ually, break h.

CUT -s, -ter = scissors, -ting [notch][snub] {down Disappropriation,

in, off, on, out, over, through, to, up = comic}

DAMAGE -s, -d, -ing complete d- Destruction

DANCE -s, -d, -r, -ing

DANGER -s

DARK -ly, -er, -est, Darkness

DATE -s, -ed, -ing

DAUGHTER -s

DAY -s, -ily, -dream

DEAD -ly "Death"

-- [Deaf] without hearing

DEAL -s, -t, -er, -ing -out, - with, = bargain

DEAR -er, -est, -ly, Dearness = Costly

DEBATE -s, -ed, -er, -ing, -able

DEBT -s, -ed, -or, -ing

DECIDE -s, -d, -er, -ing, "decision"

DECLARE -s, -d, -r, -ing, "declaration"

DECREASE -s, -d, -ing

++ Deed -s, -ed, -ing Action - over

DEEP -er, -est, -ly, -ness Depth

DEFEAT -s, -ed, -ing = conquer,

DEFEND -s, -ed, -or, -ing "defensive," "Defense"

DEFICIT -s

DEFINE -s, -d, -r, -ing "definition"

DEGREE -s, -d -ing

-- [delay] put off

DELICATE

++ Deliver -s, -ed, -ing, -y person

DEMAND -s, -ed, -ing Business

DEMOCRACY -ies

DEMONSTRATE -s, -d, -or, -ing "Demonstration"

-- [Denounce] = speak against

DENY -ies, ied, -ing,-ial Rejection, Refusal, Prohibition, Moderation

lack of Intemperance

DEPEND -s, -ed, -ing "Dependent" -ly, -ness not

-- [Deploy] station military, spread out

DEPRESS -s, -ed, -ing, "Depression"

DESCRIBE -s, -d, -r, -ing "Description"

DESERT -s, -ed, -ing = drylands, = abandon

DESIGN -s Intention, Representation, -er, -ed, -ing

++ Designate -s, -ed, -ing "designation" Indication

DESIRE -s, -d, -ing; -ableness Expedience, strongly [eagerness]

DESTROY -s, -ed, -er, -ing act of Destruction

DETAIL -s, -ed, -ing Circumstance

DEVELOP -s, -ed, -er, -ing "Development"

DEVICE -s

++ Devote -s, -ed, -ing, -edness Piety, lack of Impiety "devotion"

DICTATOR -s, -ial = arbitrary, absolute ruler

DIE -s, -d, -ying

DIET -s, -ed, -er, -ing

DIFFERENT -ly, -ness "Difference" = vary

DIG -s, -ger, dug, -ging strip = Ditch

++ Dim -s, -med, ming, -mer, -mest, -ly, Dimness

DINNER -s

DIPLOMAT -s, "diplomatic"

DIRECT -s, -ed, -ing Director, -ly; in + indirectness Circuity

DIRECTION -s, -al, [Management]

DIRT Dirty Uncleanness

DISAPPEAR -s, -ed, -ing "Disappearance"

-- [Disarm] = Take away arms

++ Discipline -s, Punishment -d, -ing spiritual

DISCOVER -s, -ed, -er, -ing "discovery" Disclosure

-- [Discuss] = talk, talk over, talk through

DISEASE -s, -d

DISK -s

-- [Dismiss] = send away

++ Dispose -s, -d, -ing, -al Use Arrangement

-- [Dispute] = fight with words

-- [Dissident] = opposing person

DISTANCE -s, -d, -ing between Interval

DIVIDE -s, -d, -r, -ing Apportionment "division"

DO -es, -er -ing, did, done

DOCTOR -s, -ed, -ing [therapy]

DOCUMENT -s, -ed, -ing papers

DOG -s, -ged, -ging Sequence

-- [Dollar] shifted to American Money

DOOR -s frame, Opening, stop, way

++ Double -s, -ing,-ed, Interchange, meaning [ambiguity]

DOUBT -s, -ed, -ing, -er, -ful, -less Incredulity

DOWN -s, -er, -ing, -ed -side, -ward, -cast Depression

DRAIN [consumption][big demand] -ed, -ing

++ Draw -s, -er, drew, drawn, -ing; Traction, Attraction {back

Inexpedience, out, off, up} Withdraw

DREAM -s, -ed, -ing, -er Imagination

DRESS -es, -er, -ed, -ing {down, up}

DRINK -s, -er, drank, drunk [intoxication] Drinking, -able {in, up}

DRIVE -s, -r, drove, driven, -ing,-able, {back Repulsion, in, out, through}

DROP -s, -per,-ped,-ping {by, in, off Decrease out, over, to}

DRUG Drugs -superabundance -ged =addict, -ging, -store

DRY -ies, -ied, -ier, -est, -ly, Dryness, -land = desert

++ Due -s, -ly -ness Rightness lack of

++ Dull -s, -ed, -ing,-er,-est, -ness bluntness, Ignorance

DURING Time

DUST [soil] y -ed, -er, -ing

DUTY -ies, -ful, less Liability

EACH one, place, time

EAR -s, ear ring, earmark

EARLY Earliness bird

EARN -s, -ed, -er, -ing

EARTH -s, -ly, liness

EASE - -s. Facility,-y, -ed, -ing Relief, -iness [informality]

EAST Direction bound, side, ward, wind

-- [Easy] ease + y

EAT -s, ate eaten -ing

ECOLOGY -ical, ically, -ist Environment study

ECONOMY -ies, "Economic"

EDGE -s, -r, extreme border, sharp e. Pungency -d, -ing

EDUCATION -s "learning"

EFFECT -s, -ed, -ing, effectual, -lly

EFFORT -s Exertion

EGG -s, -ed, -ing Food

EIGHT -th # eighteen = eight + teen #

++ eighty #

EITHER

ELASTIC Elasticity lack of Inelasticity

++ Elect -s, -or, -ed, -ing, -able [elite] "election"

ELECTRICITY

++ Electric -ly Electricity heater, service, system,

++ Electronic Electronics -ly "email"

++ Element -s, -al Composition, constitution]

ELEVEN -s #

ELSE

EMBASSY -s

EMERGENCY [timeliness]

++ Emit -s, -ted, -ter, -ting, -able "emission"

EMOTION -s,-al, -ally

EMPLOY -s, -ed, -er, -ing, -able

EMPTY -ies, -ier, iest, -ness [ejection]

END -s, -ed, -ing, -less, lessness Perpetuity, -game,

point, run

ENEMY -ies = hostile

ENERGY -s Vigor

-- [Enforce] = regulate, police

ENGINE -s, search - -ering

ENGINEER -s, -ing, -ed

ENJOY -s, -ed, -ing "Enjoyment"

ENOUGH Sufficiency not e. Insufficiency cf wanting]

ENTER Ingress -s, -ed, -er, -ing

ENVIRONMENT -s, al, -ally

++ Envy -ies, -ied, -ing Jealousy

EQUAL -s, -ed, -ing, Equality, -ly, ness, lack of Inequality

EQUIPMENT -s

-- [Escape] = get away

ESPECIALLY

++ Essence -s, -tial, tially

ESTABLISH -s, -ed, -er, -ing "establishment"

ESTIMATE -s, -d, -r, -ing "estimation"

ETHNIC -s

EVAPORATE -s, -ed, -ing "evaporation" = Disappearance

EVEN -s even-ing -ed,-ly,-ness Uniformity lack of

EVENT -s, Occasion -ual, ually

EVER -lasting = timeless -ness

EVERY -body, one, place, time, way, where,

EVIDENCE -s, -d

EVIL -s, Evildoer, -doing, spirit Demon

++ Evolve -s, -ed, -ing "evolution"

EXAMINE -s, -ed, -er, -ing "examination"

EXAMPLE -s -ar

-- [Excellent] = highest quality

EXCEPT -ed, -ing "exception"

EXCHANGE -s, -er, -ed, -ing "switch" Barter, Substitution

Interchange

EXCUSE -s, -d, -ing Vindication

-- [Execute] Put into effect "execution

EXERCISE s, -d, -r, -ing

EXILE -s, -d, -r, -ing Displacement

EXIST -s, -ed, -ing Existence state of being, lack of Nonexistence Presence, [life]

-- [Expand] "Expansion" = spread out over

-- [Expect] "Expectation" long for, look for, wait for

EXPERIENCE -s, Sensibility, Knowledge, -d person, -ing

EXPERIMENT -s, -er, -ed, -ing, -al, -ally = Trial

EXPERT -s

EXPLAIN -s, -ed, -er, -ing "explanation"

EXPLODE -s, -d, -ing "explosion"

EXPLORE -s, -d, -r, -ing "exploration"

EXPORT -s, -ed, -er, -ing "exportation"

EXPRESS -s, -ed, -ing "expression"

-- [Extend] = spread over

EXTRA -s, -ordinary, price, value Addition, adj. = spare

EXTREME -s

EYE -s, -d,-ing, doctor, glasses, medicine, trouble Optical Instrument

FACE -s, -d, -ing -lift {in, off, on, out, up}

FACT -s, -ual, -ually, -finding

FACTORY -s

++ Fade s, -d Colorlessness, -ing {out Invisibility, through}

FAIL -s, -ed, -ing Failure Neglect

FAIR -s, -ly, -ness [justice] Moderation

++ Faith -s, -ful, -fully, -fulness, -less, -lessly,-lessness Credulity

FALL s, fell, -ing {at, back [relapse] by, down

Descent, in, off, -ing out Discord, over, under, with}

FALSE -ly, -ness ; Falsehood, false coloring -hood, lack of Improbity

false show Affectation

FAMILY -ies Posterity

-- [Famous] = notable

++ Fancy -ies, -ier,-iest,-iness; passing f.[caprice]; fancywork

FAR -ther, thest Distance off, out -[sight]

FAST -s, -ed, -er, -ing, -est, -ness "Fasten"

FAT -s, -ty -ted, -ter, -test

FATHER -s -ly, -liness -hood Ancestry

++ Fault -s, -ed, -ing, y vision, -ful,-less Perfection, [cleft]

FEAR -s, -d, -ing, -ful = anxiety -less weakhearted]

FEATHER -s, -ed, -ing

FEED -s, fed, -ing, -er

FEEL -s, Feeling = sensation, felt, {up, with} -ing Intuition

[emotion], lack of Sensibility

++ Fellow -s, confederate; good; -ship - traveler

.FEMALE -s

++ Fence -s, Enclosure -r, -d, -ing, less

FERTILE

FEW -er, -est, ness - words [uncommunicativeness]

++ Fiber -s, -ed types = natural, synthetic Filament

FIELD Arena -s, -ed, -ing

-- [Fierce] = very mean

-- [Fifteen] = five + teen #

-- [Fifth] cf. five

FIFTY #

FIGHT Contention -s, -er Combatant, -fought, -ing [disaccord]

++ File -s, -ing Continuity

FILL -s, -ed, -er, -ing [satiety]

-- [Film] = moving picture, movie

-- [Final] = last

FINANCE -s, -d, -ing, -er, -ial, ially,

FIND -s, -er, found, -ing [discovery] [solution] {out}

FINE -s, -er, -est, -ly, -ness = delicate

FINGER -s, -ed, -ing -pointing Attribution

-- [finish] = complete

FIRE -s, -d, -ing, engine, man, station, proof Incombustibility

FIRM -s, -ing, -ed, -er, -est, -ly, firmness Resolution,

FIRST -s, Beginning, -ly, Priority, first in order Precedence

FISH -es, -y -ness Improbability -ed,-ing, -er, -erman, -erperson, -able

FIST -s, -ed, tight - = clenched hand

FIT -s, -ting,-ted,-ful,-ness Irregularity

Expedience, lack of Inexpedience {at, by, in, to}

FIVE -s, -th # fifteen = five + teen #

FIX -es, Arrangement-ed -ed Stability, Permanence -er,-ing,-able {over, up Restoration, with}

FLAG -s, [insignia] -ged, -ger, -ging

++ Flash -s, -ed, -er, -ing Instant

FLAT -s -ly, -er, -est, -ness

FLOAT -s, -ed, -er, -ing, -able [buoy]

++ Flood -s, -ed, -ing, -plain

FLOOR -s, -er, -ed, -ing

FLOW -s, Diffuseness -ed, -ing small flow "stream"

FLOWER y -ed, -ing

-- [Fluid] = Liquid

FLY -ies -ier,-ing [aeronautics] flew, flown, {from, in, off Excitability

out, to, up, with} science of flying Aviation

FOG -s, -gy -ier, -est, -ged, -ging, fogginess [opaqueness]

++ Fold -s, -er, -ed, -ing {in, out, over, up, with}

FOLLOW -s,-er,-ed,-ing {on, up Pursuit} Sequence

FOOD See American Foods

-- [Fool] = foolish person

FOOLISH -ness Folly, person [fool] [dupe]

FOOT feet, -ed, -ing, body part, -note

FOR -ward

FORBID -s forbad, forbidden, [strictness]; -ding = prohibition

FORCE -d, -r, -ing, ful not - [uninfluentiality]

++ Fore -arm, bear, -cast Prediction, finger, -gone

predetermination], head, runner, [precursor], -see, -shadow. sight

FOREIGN -er stranger

FOREST -s, -ed, -er, -ing = woodlands

FORGET -s, -got, gotten, -ing, -ful, fulness

FORGIVE -s, -er, gave, given, -ing, Forgiveness, Acquittal = pardon

FORM -s, -al [formality] -ed,-ing,-er,-erly,-less,-lessness; Formlessness

-- [Former] = one before

FORTY -s #

-- [Forward] = for + ward

FOUR -s, -th # -fold fourteen = Four + teen #

FRAME -s, -r, -d, -ing of mind [mental attitude] {up}

FREE -es, -er,-est,-d,-ing, -ly, -ness [gratuitousness]

time, act of freeing Liberation

FREEDOM -s

FREEZE -s, froze, frozen, -er, able

FRESH -er,-est, -ness, -ly {up Refreshment}

FRIEND -s, -ed, -ing, -ly, liness -ship

FRIGHTEN -s, -ed, -ing , -er

FROM

FRONT -s, -ed, -ing, line, page {at, up to, upon]

++ Frost -s, y -ed, -ing [semitransparency]

FRUIT -s, -ed, -ful, not f- [unproductiveness],-less; -y, -iness

FUEL -s, -ed, -ing,

FULL Sufficiency, -ly, -ness Resonance, Loudness

fulfill = satisfy

FUN -s, Amusement -ny , funniness

++ Furnish -es, -ed, -ing Furniture

++ Furrow -s -ed, -ing trench, wrinkle

FUTURE -s Futurity Posterity

GAIN -s, -ed, -ing, -er Acquisition = achieve

GAME -s, -d, -ing of chance Gambling

GARDEN -s, -ed, -ing

GAS -es, -sed, -sing Vapor

++ Gate -s, -ed, -ing, [receipts] -way = entrance

GATHER Assemblage -s, -er, -ed, -ing "harvest" Council

++ Gear -s, -ed, -ing Provision

GENERAL -s, -ly, -ness Generality

GET -s, got, gotten, -ing {away Escape, by, back, even, hold Acquisition

in, off, on, out, over, up, with} away, Haste, obtain,

get out of order [disarrangement]

GIFT -s, -ed, -ing

GIRL -s, -like, = young woman

GIVE Giving, -s, gave, -en {back [restitution] in, off, out, over, up

giving up Relinquishment}

GLASS y -es Optical Instrument -ed, -ing

++ Globe -s, -al

GO -es, -er, went, gone,-ing {away Disappearance, before [precedence],

between [mediation], in Insertion, off, on [continue], out,

Egress over, through, to, up, with}

GOAL -s

GOD Deity -ly Piety -like All Holy gods Mythical Dieties

GOLD Color, metal

GOOD -s [merchandise] -ly, -liness, Goodness, name Repute

times Prosperity, taste Elegance (better, best); [make good]

GOVERN -s, -ed, -ing, governor, "government," governed

-- [Government] -al, -ally

++ Grace -s, -ed,-ing,-less,-ly,-ful,-ly,[discrimination][excellence]

++ Grain y -s, -ed, -ing Texture

++ Grant -s, -ed, -ing Qualification = award

GRASS y -es, -ed plants

++ Grave -s, -ed Gravity -ly -stone, very grave Severity v. Engraving

GRAY -ness Color

GREAT -s, Greatness -ly Repute = grand

GREEN -s, -ed, -ing -ness Color power

GROUND Cause -s, -ed, -ing, -less, level, water,

GROUP -s, -ed, -ing together Assemblage, Council

GROW Increase, -s, grew, grown,-up = adult, -ing {out, up, with} worse

Deterioration, "Growth" natural - [evolution]

GUARANTEE -s, -d, -ing guarantor

GUARD -s, -ed, -ing [safeguard]

GUIDE -s, -d, -ing -post

GUILT -s, y -iness, -less, clearing of g. Vindication

GUN -s, -ner, -ned, -ning

HAIR y -s, -ed, -less = bald, - brush, oil,

HALF -ves, -ved, -ving, -baked, blood, breed, measures, past, truth

-- [Halt] = stop

HAND -s, -ed, -ing Clap -hold, -some {down, over, up} [upper hand]

HANG -s,-er, -ed, -ing Pendency, h.back = lack of Resolution

HAPPEN -s, -ed, -ing Effect, Occurrence, happening = incident

HAPPY -er,-est,-ly -ness [cheerfulness] -New Year's, -birthday

HARD -er, -est, -ly = dissimilarity, Hardness, -ship Adversity, Difficulty

to please [fastidiousness] {up} hardly ever

++ Harm -s, -ed, -ing, -ful, -fully, -less, -lessly [hurt]

HARMONY -s Symmetry [harmonics]

HAT -s, -ted, -ting

HATE -s, -d, -ing, -r -ful, -fully

HAVE has, had, -ing, -r

HE his, him -self

HEAD -s, -ed,-ing,-less, -way Improvement -strong, strongness Obstinacy

{back, off, on, over, up}

-- [headquarters] = head + quarters = main office

HEAL -s, -ed, -ing, -er

HEALTH y -ier, -iest

-- [Healthy] cf. health

HEAR -s, heard, -er, Hearing

HEART -s, -felt,

HEAT -s, -ed, -er, -ing

++ Heaven -s -ly

HEAVY -ier, -iest

HELICOPTER -s

++ Hell -s, -fire, -like

HELP -s, Aid -er Auxiliary, -ful, -less

-- [her] cf. She

++ Herb -s, -al, alist

HERE -in, on, -ness Presence, to, with

-- [hers] cf. She

HIDE -s, -hid, hidden Latency, -er, Concealment

HIGH -s, -er, -est, -ly, -ness Height -chair, -land, -light, -place,-

point, -way

-- [Hijack] = take by force

HILL y -s, -ed, -ing -iness {in, over, under}

-- [him] cf. He

-- [his] cf. He

HISTORY -ies, -ical, ically, Description

HIT -s

HOLD -s, -er, held,-ing back Restraint [possession] {back = Hindrance out,

to Tenacity, up}= grip

HOLE -s,

HOLIDAY -s = Vacation

HOLLOW -s, -ed, -ing, -ness [resonance]; bowl -er, -ed, -ing

HOLY -ies, Diety godly, lack of - table = altar, - walkway = aisle

- person = saint, - place = shrine

HOME Abode -s, -d, -ing, -ly Simpleness {in} place, -ward

HONEST -ly

HONOR -s, Celebration, special event] -ed, -ing- able

++ Hook -s, Deception, Curvature[lure] -er, -ed, -ing

HOPE -s, -d, -ing, -ful, -fulness, -less, hopelessness

-- [Horrible] = very bad

HORSE -s, -back -drawn, fly, hair, -less, -like, -man, power, shoe

v. around

HOSPITAL -s

-- [Hostage] = prisoner held for price

-- [Hostile] = enemy

HOT -s [heat] -ter, -test, -ly, -ness -bed

HOTEL -s

HOUR -s, -ly, glass, worker

HOUSE -s, Abode -ing, -ed -cleaning, -hold, -wife

HOW -ever, -soever

-- [However] how + ever

++ Hug -s, Endearment -ger, -ged, -ging -able

-- [Huge] = very large

HUMAN -s Humanity

HUMOR -s, -ed, -ing, -er good h- Cheerfulness Wit

HUNDRED #

HUNGER -s, -ed, -ing "hungry"

HUNT -s, -er, -ed, -ing

HURRY -ies, -ied, -ier, -ing hurriedness -up Haste

HURT Pain, -s, -ing, -ful, fully

HUSBAND -s

I me, mine, my

ICE -s, -r, -d, -ing Icy -filled, condition

IDEA -s, ideal, -ly

-- [Identify] "indentification" = point out, finger

IF -s, -fy

ILL -s, -ness, -legal, -made, -nature, -service, -shaped, -use [misuse]

ill will Malevolence

-- [Illegal] = Ill + legal

IMAGINE -s, -d, -ing "Imagination"

IMMEDIATE

IMPORT -s, -ed, -er, -ing "importation"

IMPORTANT -ly Importance, Intrinsic, lack of Unimportance

IMPROVE -s, -ed, -ing "Improvement"

++ Impulse -s

IN to, -ner, -let [gulf] -side Interior, -side out Inversion, -

coming Arrival -doors, inward, in-law [affinity]

-- [Incident] = happening

INCLUDE -s, -ed, -ing "Inclusion"

INCREASE -s, Addition, Expansion -d, -ing,

-ingly bad worse, irritate, upset swell

INDEPENDENT -ly

INDIVIDUAL -s, -ly

INDUSTRY - ies, -ial, -ially

INFECT -s, -ed, -ing "infection"

INFLATE -s, -ed, -ing "inflation"

INFLUENCE -s,-d, -ing, -ial, -ially = affect

INFORM -s, -ed, -ing "Information" Curiosity -al, -ally [give notice]

-- [Information] Cf. inform

-- [Inject] = cast into = shoot

-- [injure] cf hurt

++ Ink -s, -ed, -ing

-- [Innocent] faultless, blameless

-- [insane] = out of mind, mindless

++ insect -s, winged, biting,

INSPECT -s, -ed, -ing, -or "inspection" = look into

-- [Instead] = in place of

++ Institution -s, -al

INSTRUMENT -s, -al, ally music - banjo, flute, horn, piano, violin

INSULT -s, -ed, -ing, -ingly = offensive

INSURANCE -s Security

++ Intellect -s, -ual,-ly "Intelligence" -er, - test = bright

-- [Intelligence] cf Intellect

-- [Intense] very strong, violent

INTEREST -s, -ed, -ing, take i. Curiosity, lack i. Indifference

-- [Interfere] mix into

INTERNATIONAL -ly

-- [Into] in + to

INVADE -s, -ed, -er, -ing "invasion"

INVENT -s, -ed, -er, -ing "invention" Imagination, Fiction = make believe

INVEST -s, -ed, -ing, -or, "investment"

INVESTIGATE -s, -d, -or, -ing "Investigation" "FBI"

INVITE -s, -d, -ing "invitation"

INVOLVE -s, -ed, -ing "involvement"

IRON -s, -ed, -ing iron nerves [unnervousness]; will

++ Irritate -s, -ed, -ing "irritation"

ISLAND -s, -er, [seclusion]

ISSUE -s, -d, -ing

IT its

-- [its]

JACKET -s, -ed, -ing, over,

JAIL -s, -ed, -ing, -er [confinement]

JEWEL -s, -ed

Job -s, -ber = work

JOIN -s, -ed, -ing Junction, = Band -ed, -ing {together}

JOINT -s, -ly correlation, mutual

JOKE -s, -d, -r, -ing

++ Joy -s, -ful, -less give Rejoicing

JUDGE -s, -d, -ing Judgment [fore-J], false or poor Misjudgment

JUMP Leap -s, -er, -ed, -ing {at [eagerness] for, in, off, on, out, over, through, to, under, up}

JURY -s - duty

JUST -ly, -ness

++ Justice, -s, lack of Injustice

KEEP Retention -s, -er,-ing lack of -in line

Conformity, cool [inexcitability]

KEY -s, -ed, -ing = chief, principal

KICK -s, -ed, -ing Excitement Oust = kick out, kick = chuckle

KILL -s, -er, -ed, Killing

KIND -er, -est, -ly, kindness Benevolence, lack of

KISS -es Touch -er -ed, -ing {off}

-- [Kit] package,

++ Knee -s, -d -ing [angle]

KNIFE -ves, -d, -ing

++ Knock -s, -ed, -er, -ing {on, out, over} [bang]

++ Knot -s, -ty -ed, -ing; Distortion

KNOW -s, knew, known, -ing, -er

KNOWLEDGE lack of-

LABOR -s, -er, -ing, union

LABORATORY -ies

LACK -s, -ed, -ing [incompleteness];

Absence, of hearing Deafness

deafness]

LAKE -s Water

LAND -s, -ed, -ing, -less

LANGUAGE -s,

LARGE -er, -est, -ly, -ness; l. heart [generosity] l.number Multitude

LAST -ed, -ing, -ingness Durability

LATE -r, -st, Lateness

LAUGH -s, -ed, -ing, -able {at Ridicule, off, over, with} -ing stock

LAW -s, -ed, -ing, -ful, -fulness -less, lessness , -making body

[legislature, congress] person [lawyer], Lawsuit

++ Lay -s, Layer laid, lain, -ing, {away, in, off, out, with} -over

-man, -woman, -person Laity

LEAD -s, -er, -ing, led [preceding] {in, off, on, out, over, through, to}

++ Leaf -ves, -ved, -ving [sheet] {out, through}

LEAK -s, -ed, -ing

++ Lean -s, -ed, -ing [obliquity], Tendency -er, -est = muscle

LEARN -s, -er [student], -ed person Intellect, Learning

LEAVE -s, left, -ing Departure, [abandonment]

{back, in, off, on, out = omit Exclusion, through, with}

LEFT -handed, side -over Remainder, surplus

LEG -s, -ging, -ed -room

LEGAL -ly, -ness Legality authority [jurisdiction] lack of-

Illegality

LEND -s, lent, -ing, -er

LESS Deduction

++ Let -s, -ting, {out Ejection go Discontinuity, Relinquishment} rent

LETTER -s, -ed, -ing

LEVEL -s, -er, -est, -ed, -ing = equalize, cf flat

LIBRARY -ies

LIE -s, liar, lied, lying,

LIFE -ves, -er. -giving. -saving, -time

LIFT -s, -ing,-ed Elevation elevator

LIGHT -s, -ly, -er, -est, -ness in weight Levity, -ed, -ing

- house, - year

LIKE -s, -d, -ing,-able, -ly, -lihood [probable], lack of Improbability

-ness; [comparison] not l. Dislike

LIMIT -s, -ing Qualification, -ed, -less Infinite, "limitation" Circumscription

LINE -s, -ing, -d, -r, -sman, {up Continuity}, of work Job

LINK -ed, -ing, {on. up, with} = connection, tie

LIP -s service [Sanctimony]

LIQUID -s Fluidity; make liquid or melt Liquification

LIST -s, -ed, -ing, -er

LISTEN -s, -ed, -er, -ing

LITTLE less, least, Littleness, Unimportance

LIVE -s, -r, -d, -ing place Abode science [Botany]

LOAD Hindrance, burden -s, -er, -ed, -ing

LOAN -s, -ed, -ing [lending]

LOCAL -s, -al, ally "locality" Location

LOCK -s, -er, -ed, -ing {out, up [confinement]}

++ Log -s, -ged, -ger, -ging in, out

LONG -s, -er, -est, -ed, -ing "Length"] {for}

LOOK -s, -er, -ed, -ing, bad-l. Ugliness -out, -ing glass

LOOSE -s, -ly, -ness [incoherence] [laxness] - leaf

LOSE -s, -ing, lost -footing = slip

++ Loss -es

++ Lot [predicament] -s

LOUD -er, -est, -ly, Loudness

LOVE -s, r, -d, -ing, -ly, liness, l. making

LOW -s, -er,-est,-ly, Lowness Humility, Faintness -ing,-ed, -land,

-man, -point,

LOYAL -ly

LUCK y luckiness, -less

++ Lung body part

MACHINE -s, -d, -ing [mechanics]

MAGAZINE -s

++ Magic Sorcery -al, -ally

MAIL -s, -er, -ed, -ing Correspondence

MAIN -ly

MAJORITY -ies Superiority

MAKE -s, made,-ing {off, over, up Composition, up for Compensation with}

use of Borrowing

MALE -s, -ness

MAN men, -ned, -ning -kind, -hater [misanthropy] -made = synthetic

MANUFACTURE -s,-ed, -er, -ing

++ Manner -s Courtesy, -ly, -liness, lack of Discourtesy = way

MANY more, most -ness numerousness -sided, -ness

MAP -s, -per, ped, ping

MARCH -es, -ed, -ing, -er; month

MARK -s, -ed, -ing, -er, -able, {down [discount], off- [circumscription] on, out, over, up engraving}

MARKET -s, -er, -ed, -ing, -able, open - cf. business

MARRY -ies, -ied, -ing Marriage -ied relationship [in-law]

++ Mass -es, Rite -ing, -ed [plurality]

MATCH -es, Contention -er, -ed, -ing, -less

-- [Material]

MATTER -s, -ed, -ing, -ial Materials

MAY be able, month

MAYOR -s,-ial

MEAL -s, -time

MEAN -s, -t,-ing Interpretation, -lessness, Means -ness

MEASURE -s,-r,-d,-ing,-able [measurement]

MEAT y -s, Intrinsic, essence, -less

MEDIA printed Publication electronic

MEDICINE -s Remedy -ical

MEET -s, -ing, met, Convergence {at, in, on, over, to, up, with}

MEMBER -s, -ed,- ship

MEMORY -ies Memorial

MENTAL -ly, soundness Sanity lack Insanity, picture Imagination,

MERCY -ies, -ful, -fulness Leniency fully, less, lessness

MESSAGE -s, -d, -ing, "messenger"

METAL -s

Method -s, = Order, plan, way

MIDDLE -ing - ground [neutrality]

MIGHT y -s Power, Strength -ily, iness lack of Impotence

MILITARY -ies Defense

MILK y -s, -ed, -ing; milkiness

MILLION #

MIND -s, -ing, ful Intellect,less Unintelligence

MINE -s, -ing, -er, -ed, -able -field, - camp

MINISTER -s, -ed, -ing, -ical

MINOR -s, -ed, -ing "minority"

MINUTE -s, -ly measure

MISS -es, -ed, -ing

MIST -y -s, -ed, -ing

MISTAKE Error -s, mistook, mistaken -ing

MIX -es. -ed, -er,-ing Mixture into = meddle, interfere

MOB s, -bed, bing

MODEL -s, -ed, -ing, -er

MODERATE -s, -d, -or, -ing "Moderation"

MODERN -s

MONEY -ies, -ied, less; m- matters [finance] -making Acquisition

MONTH -s, -ly

MOON -s, -ing, -ed [luminary]

MORAL -s, = ethical, righteous, virtuous

MORNING -s, -light, star

MOTHER -s, -ed, -ing, -ly, liness, -less -hood [cf father]

++ Motion -s, -ed, -ing, -less, -lessness - forward Motion Pictures

++ Motor -s, -ed, -ing -home

MOUNTAIN -s side, -top

MOUTH -s, -ed, -ing, -ful - wash

MOVE -s, -r, -d, -ing,{down Descent, in, off, on, over, through, to, up = advance} [motion]

MOVIE -s, Motion Picture

MUCH comparative = more, superlative = most

-- [More]

-- [Most]

-- [Murder] = willful killing

MUSCLE -s, -ed, -ing Strength

MUSIC -ian, -ly, -maker cf horn

MUST

-- [My] cf. I

MYSTERY -ies Unintelligibility, [occultism]

NAIL -s, -ed, -ing

NAME -s, -ly, -ed, -ing Nomenclature, lack of [anonymity]

NARROW -s, -er, -est, -ly, Narrowness mindedness = thin

NATION -s, -al,-ally United Nations

NATIVE -s

++ Nature -s, -d, -al, -ally Intrinsic

-- [natural] cf. nature

NAVY -ies "military service" Navigation

NEAR -er, -est, -ly, Nearness -ing Approach

NECESSARY = need

NECK -s, -ed, -ing of land = peninsula

++ Need -s, -ed, -ing, -ful, -less -s [Necessity]

++ Negative -s Negation Nullification

++ Neighbor -ing, -ly, liness -hood

NEITHER

NERVE -s, Insolence, -ed, -ing, -s; nervousness

++ Nest -s, Abode -ed, -ing

NEUTRAL

-- [Never] = not ever

NEW -ly, -er, -est Newness

NEWS -y, -iness , -ly

NEXT

NICE -er, -est, -ly, -ness

NIGHT -s, -ly

NINE -th # nineteen = nine + teen #

++ ninety #

-- [Ninth] = nine + th

NO -s, Dissent body, one, place,

-- [nothing] [non-existence], time = no + thing

-- [nowhere] = no + where

NOISE -s, Discord y -ily, noisiness

-- Nominate "nomination" = choose, pick

NOON -day, -time After-

NORMAL - "Normalit" = usual

NORTH Direction -erly -west, -east, bound, land, side, -ward

NOSE -s, y Curiosity -d, -ing count

NOT also Non- existence, payument

NOTE -s, Attention -d, -ing, -able = famous -worthy

++ Notice -ed, -ing Warning, Information

NOW

NUCLEAR

NUMBER -s, -ed, -ing Numeration thirty-two "#" and zero, cf. teen

OBEY -s. "Obedience" [conformity] Submission, lack of Disobedience

Unconformity

OBJECT -s, -or, -ed, -ing "objection"

OBSERVE -s, -d, -r, -ing "Observation"

OCCUPY -ies, -ied, -ier, Inhabitant -ing "Occupation"

OCEAN -s

++ Odd -s, -ly, -ness [eccentricity]

OF

OFF -s, guard, -hand, -set, -spring

-- [Offensive] attacking, insulting

OFFER -s, -er, -ed, -ing

OFFICE -s, -ial, -ially Commission -er

-- [Officer] cf. office

-- [Official] cf. office

OFTEN Frequency; not

OIL -s, -ed, -ing oily

OLD -er, -est Oldness

ON -going -looking, -set, -ward

ONCE

ONE -s, -ness Unity #

-- [Only] one + -ly

OPEN -s, -ly, -ness, Opening -ed, -er {in, up} -ended, case,

OPERATE -s, -d, -ing, "Operation" -al, -ally

OPINION -s, [mental attitude] Advice

++ Opportunity timeliness

OPPOSITE -s, "Opposition"

-- [Oppress] "oppression" = stamp on, keep down

OR

ORANGE -s -ness Color -fruit-

ORDER -s, -ed,-ing,-ly, -liness Regularity, lack of Disorder [command]

++ Organic -ly Organic Matter

ORGANIZE -s, "Organization" Composition Class -al, -ally

++ Ornament Other -s,-side [contrariety]-wise

OTHER -s -wise

-- [Our] cf we

-- [Ours] cf we

-- [Oust] = fire, throw out, dismiss

OUT -s, -er,-ing = picnic,-bounds,-come = product, -do, -doors, -fit, going

departure, lay [expenditure], lying, line [compendium]

put -side of Exterior, [extraneous], -ward;

out of line Unconformity

OVER -amount [excess], cast, coat, come, do, power, Overrunning, see,

stay, statement Exaggeration, take, throw [revolution] -eating Gluttony,

OWE -s, -d, -ing, r

OWN -s, -er [possessor],-ed,-ing [possession] -s [property] {with,

up = confess}

++ Package -s, -d, -r, -ing

PAGE -s, -r, -ed, -ing [summon]

PAIN -s, -ed, -ing, ful, -less withdraw from Cowardice

PAINT -s, -er , Painting {on, over, up}

PAN -s, -ned, -ning pan out = succeed

PANTS

PAPER y -s, -er, -ed,-ing [treatise]

PARADE -s, -d, -ing

PARALLEL -s, -led, ling Horizonal

-- [Parcel]

PARENT -s, -ed,-ing, -ial, -ially

-- [Parliament]

PART -s, -ly, -ing, -ed

++ Partner -s, confederate, associate -ed, -ing

PARTY -ies, -ier, -ied, -ying political -, Celebration

PASS -es, -ed, -ing Passage, {away transience, off = Transfer, on, out = faint, -over, through, under}

PASSENGER -s

PAST -s, the - passport, -time

-- Passport = pass + port

PASTE y -s,-d, -ing

PATH -s, -ed, -way closed continuous path Circuit

PATIENT -s,-ly, patience Inexcitability, lack of = forbearance, fortitude

PAY -s, paid, -ing, -able not paying Nonpayment

pay for = afford "Payment" Compensation

PEACE -s, -ful, -fully make Pacif ication

PEN -s, -ned, ning Writing -al

-- [Pencil] = hand writing device

PEOPLE -s, -ed, -ing common people Populace

PERCENT -s

PERFECT -s, -ed, -ing, -ly "Perfection"

PERFORM -s, -ed, -ing, -er "performance"

PERIOD = recurrence [spell]

-- [Permanent] = lasting

PERMIT -s, -ed, -ing; act of Permission, Exemption, lack of = allow

PERSON -s, -al, ally Repute

++ Philosophy -s, -er, ical, ically

++ Photograph -s, Photography -er, -ed, -ing

PHYSICAL physics

++ Pick -s,-ed, -ing { off, on, over, through, up, with} [choice]

PICTURE -s, -ed,-ing

PIECE -s, -d, -ing = bit

PIG -s

++ Pile -s, -r, -d, -ing {up Exaggeration}

PILOT -s, -ed, -ing, - house, -light

PIPE -s, -r, -d, -ing

++ Pity -ies, -ied, -ing -ful, fully, less, lessness compassion

PLACE Location -s, -r, -d, -ing, -able {in, on, over, together}

in place Presence

PLAN -s, -ed, -ner, -ning

PLANT -s, -er, -ing, -ed

PLASTIC -s

PLATE -s, -d, -ing

PLAY -s, Drama, -er [actor], -ed, -ing

PLEASE -s, -ing -d, -r "Pleasure"

-- [Plenty] = enough, many

++ Plunge -s, -d, -r, -ing

POCKET -s, -ed, -ing -book

POINT -s, -er,-ed [concise],-ing {at, out,

POISON -s, -er, -ing, -ed [bane], -ous [insalubrity]

++ Pole -s -ar, -d, -ing

POLICE -s, -ed, -ing,- beat, car, force, -man, power, station = enforce

POLICY -ies, -maker

POLITICS -al "politician"

POLLUTE -s, -d, -r, -ing "pollution

POOR Insufficiency -ly, -ness Poverty

POPULAR -ly

POPULATION -s, -al

PORT -s, -ly, -er, -al, air-, sea-

POSITION -s, -ed, -ere, -ing state; political stand, Principle

Positive -ly Affirmation

POSSESS -es, -ed, -or, -ing "Possession"

POSSIBLE -ly, "Possibility" lack of p. Impossibility

-- [Postpone] = put off

POTATO -es food, root vegetable

POUR -es, -ed, -ing, -er in, out

POWDER -es, -ed, -ing, -y, Powderiness

POWER -s, -ed, -ing,-ful,-fulness, Strength -fully, -less, -lessness,

lack of p. Impotence

++ Practice -s, -d,-itioner, -ing

PRAISE -s, -d, -r, -ing Approbation overly; - to the skies Flattery

PRAY -s, -ed, -ing, -er, -ers Request -erful, -ly,

-- [Pregnant] = with child, come to term

++ Prepare -s, -d, -r, -ing "Preparation" lack of Unpreparedness

PRESENT -s, -ed, -ing, the present, -ly, -able "Presence"

-- [President] see Appendix leader, chair

PRESS -es, -ed, -ing, Influence, Compulsion

PRESSURE -s, -d, -ing

PREVENT -s, -ed, -er, -ing "prevention"

PRICE y -s, -d, -ing low price Cheapness

++ Pride -s, -ful, great p. Vanity, [arrogance] lack of- Humility

++ Principle -s, -d Probity

PRINT -s, -er, -ed, Printing, -able

PRISON -s, -er, -ers

PRIVATE -s. -ly, -ness

PRIZE -s, -d

PROBABLE -ly lack of

PROBLEM -s,

PROCESS -es, -or, -ed, -ing "procession"

PRODUCE -s, "Product" -r, -d, -ing, "Production"

PROFESS -es, -ed, -or, -ing "profession"

PROFIT -s, -ed, -ing, profitable

PROGRAM -s, -ed, -er, -ing

PROGRESS -s, -ed, -ing, "Progression"

PROJECT -s, -ed, -ing, -or, "projection"

++ Promise -s, -d, -ing,

++ Proper -s, -ly

PROPERTY -ies, -ied, owning, holding, -ly

PROPOSE -s, -d, -ing, -r "proposition"

PROTECT -s, -ed, -or, -ing "protection" safekeeping, guard, watch

-- [Protest] = Speak or act against

PROVE -s, -d, -ing, "Proof" Evidence, lack of, prove false Confutation

PROVIDE -s, -ed, -er, -ing, "Provision"

++ Pry -ies, -ied, -ing [intrusion] [leverage]

++ Psychology -ical, ically, -ist

PUBLIC -s, -ly, speaking [elocution], spirit

PUBLISH -es, -ed, -er, -ing, "Publication"

PULL -s, -ed, -er, -ing {in, off, on, over, through = recover, to, up}

traction strong -

++ Pump -s, -er, -ed, -ing, Extraction

PUNISH -es, -ed, -ing, -er Punishment

PURCHASE -s, -d, -r, -ing cf buy

PURE -ly "Purity"

++ Purple -ness Color

PURPOSE s Intention, -ful, fully, fulness, less

PUSH -es Propulsion -er, -ed, -ing, -y, iness {from, in, into, off, on,

out, over, through, to, up, with}

PUT -s, -ter, ting, {in, Insertion, off [pretext], on airs [affectation], out [dislocation], over, to, up}

QUALITY [excellence], [nobility] "Qualification"

++ Quarter -s = lodging, -ed, -ing

QUESTION -s, Inquiry -er, -ed, -ing, -able

QUICK -er, -est, -ly, -ness

QUIET -ly -s, -ness = Silence

-- [Quit] = stop

RACE y -s, [stream] -r, -d,-ing, ial, raciness

RADAR -s

RADIATION -s

RADIO -s, -ed, -ing cf communication

-- [Raid] = strike, hit

RAIL -s, -ed, -ing Ridicule road

RAIN -s, y -ed, -ing fall, storm

RAISE -s, -d, -ing, act of- Elevation [promotion], r- money Borrowing

RARE -er, -est, -ly = Seldom, -ness Rarity "raw"

++ Rash -es, -ly Rashness

RATE -s, -ing over- [overestimation], under- Underestimation

RAY -s, -ed, -ing [radiation]

REACH -es, -ed, -ing in, out, over, through

REACT -s, -or, -ed, -ing "Reaction," Resistance

READ -s, -er, -ing, [version]

READY -ies, -ily, -iness [preparation], lack of

REAL -ly not - "fiction" "realist," -istic

-- [realistic] cf real

REASON -s, -ed, Reasoning -falsely [sophistry] [motivation] -able, -ably

Dissertation

RECEIVE -s, -able, -ed, -er, Receiving, "reception," "receipt"

-- [Recession] economic turndown

RECOGNIZE -s, -d, -r, -ing [detection] [acknowledgement]

RECORD -s, -er, -ed, -ing, -able

RECOVER -s,

++ Recreation -al

RED -ness -er, -est Color

-- [Reduce] decrease, lower

++ Reflect -s, -er, -er, -ing, "reflection"

REFUGEE -s

REFUSE -s, -er, -ed, -ing, Refusal = boycott

REGRET -s, -ed, -ing, penance sorry, with sadness

++ Regular -ly "Regularity," Oscillation, Symmetry, lack of

Irregularity

-- [Reject] throw out Rejection

RELATION -s, -al lack of kinship

-- [Release] = free, let out

RELIGION -s [teaching] lack of Irreligion

REMAIN -s, -ed, -ing, "Remainder"

REMEMBER -s Memory -ed, -ing

REMOVE -s, -er, -ed, -ing, -al Extraction Deduction Displacement

REPAIR -s, -ed,-in, -er = Restitution, Return, Atonement

REPEAT -s, -ed, -ing, -er "Repetition"

REPORT -s, -er, -ed, -ing Publication

REPRESENT -s,-ed, -ing "Representation"

REQUEST -s, -er, -ed, -ing Command petition

REQUIRE -s, -d, -ing "requirement" = demand, exact

RESCUE -s, -d, -er, -ing

RESEARCH -es, -ed, -er, -ing -able

RESIGN -s, -ed, -ing, -er "Resignation"

RESIST -s, -ed, -ing, -er "Resistance" = oppose

RESOLVE -s, -ed, -ing "Resolution"

RESOURCE -s, Means -ing, -ful, -fully

RESPECT -ed, -ing, -er, -ful, -fulness, -ly, lack of Disrespect

++ Response -s, -sible, -ly Answer Sensibility

-- "Responsible"

REST -s, Repose -ed,-ing,-ful,-fulness, -less, lessness {in, on, over} stop, restroom

Restrain -s, -ed, -ing "Restraint" hold back

RESULT -s, -er, -ing "product" = outcome

RETIRE -s, -d, -ing Modesty

++ Retreat -s, -ed, -ing Recession house, place

RETURN -s, Reversion -ed, -ing, return like for like Retaliation

++ Reveal -s, -ed, -er, -ing "revelation" Disclosure Appearance

++ Review -s, -ed, -er, -ing

REVOLT -s, -ed, -ing "Revolution"

REWARD -s, -ed, -ing, -able Repute

RICE Food, grain

RICH -es [wealth]; -ness [productiveness]

RIDE -s, -r, rode, ridden -ing Travel

RIGHT -s, -ly, Rightness, Probity, -ful, fully, -ed, -ing, -of-way

++ Ring -s, Resonance -er, -ing, -ed

-- [Riot] mob + situation

RISE -s, -r, -ing, rose, risen, "resurrection" {up Ascent, with}

RISK -s, -ed, -ing -taker

RIVER -s, bank, -side

ROAD -s, -less

-- [Rob] = steal from

ROCK y -s, -er, -ed, -ing, -filled {by and forth}

ROCKET -s,

ROLL y -s, -er, -ing, -ed [rotation] {off, out, over, up}

ROOF -s, -er, -ing, -ed

ROOM -s, -er, -ing, -ed -like

ROOT -s Ancestry, -er, -ing -ed, -edness Stability,-less, -lessness

= Cheer

ROPE -s, -ed, -ing

ROUGH -s, -er, -est, -ly, Roughness

ROUND -s, -er, -est, -ly,-ness -ed Rotundity -ing, -ed -table [council]

{about Circuity],off, out, up}

++ Rub -s, y -bed, bing Friction

RUBBER -s

RUIN -s, -ed, -er, -ing

RULE -s, -r, -ed -ing,

RUN ny -s, -ner, ran, -ning {by, down [disparagement] on, off, over, up}

SABOTAGE -s, -ed, -ing

SACRIFICE -s, -d, -ing, -ial, -ially

SAD -ly, -ness Dejection

SAFE -ly -s, -ness Safety -keeping Preservation

SAIL -s, -or [mariner], -ed, -ing, ship {from, off, out, over, to, under}

SALT y -s, -ed, -ing

SAME Uniformity -ness Identity, [tedium], time Synchronism

SAND -s, -ed, -ing

SATELLITE -s

-- [Satisfy] = Content, fulfill

SAVE -s, -ior, -d, -ing

SAY -s, -er, said, -ing Maxim

SCALE y -s, Size -d, -ing Degree

SCHOOL -s, -ed, -ing, day, time

SCIENCE -s

++ Scratch -es, y [itchy][blemish] -ed, -ing

++ Screen -s, -ed, -ing [shade]

++ Screw Distortion -er, -ed, -ing = twist

SEA -s, -men

-- [Search] = hunt for

SEASON -s, -al, -ally, -ed, -ing = spice

SEAT -s, -ed, -ing, Abode

SECOND -s, -ed, -ing, -ly -thought [sequel]

SECRET -s, -ly, -ness [secrecy] keep s- Concealment

SECURITY -ies, Safety, Stability

SEE -s, -r holy s. prophet, saw, seen, -ing; able to s. Vision;

Visibility not able to s. Invisibility

++ Seed -s, -ed, -er, -ing Posterity = sow, sperm

SEEK -s, -er, sought = hunt, search

SEEM -s, -ed, -ing Appearance

SEIZE -s, -ed, -ing usurp Command

-- [Seldom] = rarely

SELF -ves, -centered Selfishness, Parsimony, -lessness Unselfishness

-denial [temperance] lack of Intemperance -love, -serve, lack of -worship [vanity] control, same

SELL -s, -er, sold, -ing "Sale"

-- [Senate] [shifted to American government]

SEND -s, [dispatch] -s, -er, sent, -ing

SENSE -s, -ed, -or, -ing -less Insensibility, -ual [sensuality]

Sensibility

SENTENCE -s, Condemnation, -ed, -ing

SEPARATE -s, -d, -or, -ing, Extrinsic "separation" Disjuction

-- Series = groupings, chain

SERIOUS -ness -ly, - condition

SERVE -s, -r, -ing, Servant -ed {on, out, up}

++ Service -s, -ed, -ing, man, military-, person, station, woman

-able [job]

SET -s, Coherence -ter, ting, {about, against, in, off, on, out

= depart, over, up} - sail, -straight [disillusionment]

SETTLE -s, -er, -ing "settlement" = colony

SEVEN -th # seven + teen #

++ Seventy #

-- [Several] = a number of

-- [Severe] = very grave

SEX y -es, -ed, -ual, -ually -iness

SHADE y Obscurity -s, -ed, -ing, -less, shadiness

SHAKE y, -s, -r,-ing, shook, shaken Agitation

SHALL also cf. should

++ Shallow -er, -est, Shallowness

SHAME -s, -d, -ing, -ful, -less, -ful, -less

SHAPE -s, -r, -ing, -d, Sharpness, -less, lessness [formlessness] {up}

SHARE -s, r, -d, -ing

SHARP y -er, -est, ness Pungency = razor

SHE her, her -self

SHELF -s, -ed, -ing -life

SHELL -s, -er, -ing, -ed -fish

SHELTER -s, -ed, -er, -ing = lodging

SHINE y -s, -er, -ing

SHIP -s, -per, -ped, -ping {by, in, off, out, over, through, to}

SHIRT -s, -ed under- s. less

SHOCK -s, -er, -ed, -ing [collision]

SHOE -s, -ded, -ding, -maker

SHOOT -er, shot, -ing = inject

SHORT y -er, -est, -ly, Shortness, -coming Imperfection -hand

-- [Should] cf. shall

SHOUT -ing, out, over

SHOW y Ostentation, -er,-ing, shown,{off,through Transparency, up

Disclosure}

-- [Shrink] contract, decrease in size

SHUT -s, -ter, -ing {away Seclusion, down [cessation]

SICK -ly, -ness [illness]

SIDE -es, -ing, -show, -ward

++ Sight -s, -ed, -ing, -less Blind, -seer

SIGN -s, Indication, -ed, -ing {in, off, on, over [deed], up, under}

SIGNAL -s, -led, -ing

SILENCE -s, -ed, -ing, Silent -ly, ness Taciturnity

SILK -s, = type of fiber

SILVER y coin, -ware s. tongue

SIMILAR same as Similarity

SIMPLE -ly, Simpleness

SINCE

SING -s, Rejoice sang, sung, -ing

SINGLE -s, -ly, -ness Celibacy, Unity

SISTER -s, -ly,

SIT -s, -ter, sat, -ting, -out, up, with = accompany

SITUATION -s

SIX -th number # Six + teen #

++ Sixty #

SIZE -s, -d, -ing

-- [Skeleton] = bare bone structure

SKILL -s, -ed, -ful, -fulness, -less, lessness Unskillfulness

SKIN ny -s, -er, -ed, -ing =cheating, -less, and bones, tight

SKIRT -s, -ed, -ing outskirts

SKY -ies, blue, -high, -light, -ward

SLAVE -s, -er, -ed, -ing; -holder, master, quarters, ship Servility

SLEEP y -s, -er, -ing, slept, -less

SLIDE -s, slid, -ing

SLIP -s, -per, -ped, -ping

SLOW -s, -ed, -ing, -er, -est, Slowness {down, up}

SMALL -er, -est, -ness Littleness Inferiority

SMASH -es, -ed, -er, -ing

SMELL y -s, -ed, -ing [pungency] bad = Odor, Malodorousness -less,

Odorlessness [-iness, sweet - [fragrance] bad

SMILE y -s, -ed, -ing, -iness

SMOKE y -s, -r, -d, -ing, -less, -filled, -iness [opaqueness]

Tobacco smoking material, "weed"

SMOOTH -s, -er, -est, -ly, Smoothness, Elegance {down, off, out, over}

SNAKE y -s, -iness, -like, -ed, -ing [deceiver] [coil] = Meander

SNEEZE -es, -d, -ing [sibilation]

SNOW y -s, -ed, -ing, -iness

SO

SOAP y -s, -ed, -ing, -iness

++ Sober -s, -ing -ness -ly "sobriety"

SOCIAL -s, -ly, -able, "Sociality" [sociability] lack of

SOCIETY -ies

SOFT -er, -est, -ly, Softness soft drink

SOIL -s, -ed, -ing = make dirty

-- [Soldier] = army serviceperson

SOLID -s, -ly, -ness Density

SOLVE -s, -d, -r, -ing "Solution"

SOME body, how, one, place, thing, time, what, where

SON -s

++ Song -s, -bird, -form, -ster [poetry]

SOON shortly

++ Sorrow y -s, Regret, -ing Lamentation -ed, -ful lack of sorrow unregretfulness, condolence

SORT -s, -ed, -er, -ing { of, out, over, through, with}

SOUL -s, [psychology]

SOUND -s, -ed, -ing, -ly, -ness, mind [sanity]

++ Sour -ed, -ing, Sourness = acid

SOUTH Direction, -east, -west, -bound, -ward, wind

SPACE y, -s, -r, -d, -ing, man travel Astronautics between Interval

SPEAK -s, -er, spoke, -en, act of [speech], not perfect

Stammering [diction], -ing with taste [elegance] lack of

Inelegance

SPECIAL -s, -ly character cf. earmark;-ness; special skill "Specialty,"

SPEECH es, simple, easy

SPEED y -s, Velocity -er, -ed, -ing {on, up}

++ Spell Sorcery -er, -ed, -ing

SPEND -s, -er, spent

SPIRIT -s, -ual,-ually,-filled [immateriality], good Angel

bad Demon [specter]

++ Spit -s, [secretion] -ing, spat [hiss]

SPORT Sports y -ed, -ing, -s, -sman [banter]

++ Spot -s, -ty Location, [variegation] -ed, -ing, -ter -less; -light, -market

SPREAD -s, -ing, -er {by, for, from, on, out, over

Expansion, through, to upon, with} Dispersion

SPRING y -s, Leap -iness Elasticity {back Recoil, in, off,out, over,

upon}

SPY -ies, -ied, -ing

SQUARE -s, -ly, ness, -d, -ing

++ Stage [period] [tier] Arena -s, -ed, -ing

++ Stamp -s, -ed, -ing, {in, on, out, over, through} [nature]

STAND -s. stood, -ing, -point, {against, for Resistance, in = substitute,

s. in Substitution, off, on, out, over, up, upright Obliquity with}

STAR -s, -ry -ing, -ed, board -filled

START -s, Beginning [advantage] -er, -ed, -ing {in, off, up}

STARVE -s, -ed, -ing

STATION -s, -ed, -ing, -break,- master

STATUE -s

STAY -s, -er, -ed, -ing power [perseverance] Remainder = remain

among, in, on, out, over, through, up, with

STEAL -s, -er thief Stealing, stole, stolen,

STEAM y -s, -er,-ed, -ing Vapor

STEEL -s

++ Stem -s, -med, -ming cell [shaft]

STEP -s, -ped, -ing out of Unconformity

STICK y -s, -er, -ing, stick to Tenacity, stick together Coherence stuck up

++ Stiff -s, -er, -est, -ly, -ness [rigidity] -neck [obstinacy]

STILL Silence -ness [quiescence]

STOMACH -s, -ed, -ing

STONE y -s, -d, -ing, -iness

STOP -s, -per, -ped,-ping [cessation], -use Disuse, light, watch

STORE -s, -d, -r, -ing {in, up}

STORM y -s, -ed, -ing Attack; {about, off, out}

STORY -ies, Falsehood -ied

STRAIGHT -er, -est, Straightness

STRANGE -r, -est [foreigner]; [abnormality]

++ Stream -s, -ed, -er, -ing {down-, on-, up-}

STREET -s -light

STRETCH -es, -er,-ed,-ing, -able, ableness Elasticity

STRIKE -s, -r, struck, -ing {at [attack], back, out, with}

++ String y -s, -er, -ed, -ing, - Instrument

++ Strip -s, -per, -ing, -ped Divestment {off} = bare [vacancy]

STRONG -er, -est, -ly; "Strength" Vigor -hold [refuge]

STRUCTURE Form -s, -er, -ing, -al, ally, -ed, -ing

-- [Struggle] = fight

STUDY -ies, -ied, -ing

-- [Stupid] = very dull

++ Style Fashion -s, -d, -ing Lifestyle,

SUBJECT Thought -s, -ed, -ing "Subjection"

SUBSTANCE -s, -tial, -ly, lack of - Insubstantiality

SUBSTITUTE -s, -d, -ing "Substitution"

SUCCEED -s, -ed, -ing, "Success" -ful, fully; lack of

SUCH

SUDDEN -ly, -ness

SUFFER -s, -ed, -er, -ing

SUGAR -s, -ed, -ing

SUGGEST -s, -ed, -ing, Latency, Advice "suggestion"

++ Suit -s, -able, Agreement -ably, -ing, -ed, -er

SUMMER -y -s, -time, wear

SUN -ny -s, -ned, -ning light, -shine, -spot

-- [Supervise] = oversee

SUPPLY -s, -ied, -ier, -ing Provision

SUPPORT -s, -er, -ing,-ed Aid

SUPPOSE -s, -ed, -ing "Supposition" Supposedly [imply]

-- [Suppress] = end, put down

SURE -ly, -ness Certainty, lack of -[uncertainty]

SURFACE -s, -ed, -ing Shallowness, Texture

SURPRISE -s, Expectation lack of inexpectation], -d, -ing not s. [unastonishment]

-- [Surrender] = give up

SURROUND -s, -ed, -ing = vicinity

-- [Survive] = continue living

SUSPECT -s, -ed. -ing

-- [Suspend] hang in

++ Sustain -s, -ed, -ing, -er, -able, ably [110 endure]

SWALLOW -s, -ed, -ing Drinking

SWEAR -s, -ing Imprecation, swore, sworn = curse, cuss

++ Sweep -s, -swept, -er, -ing {out, over, up}

SWEET -s, -er, -est, -ly, Sweetness

SWIM -s, -ing, swam, swum

SYMPATHY Pity -ies,

++ Symbol -s Figurative

SYSTEM -s, Order, Plan

TABLE -s, -ed, -ing -land

TAIL Rear -s, -or, -ing, -ed =follow {on, off, over, up, up with}

TAKE -s, -r,-ing, took, taken, {in [inclusion][reception],

(away Deduction)

TALK -s, -er,-ed,-ing, much Talkiveness {at, for, out Dissuasion,to, to

oneself, together, through [discussion] up, with Conversation}

TALL -er, -est, -ness [cf high]; [tall talk grandiloquence]

TARGET -s, -ed,-ing

TASTE -y -s, -r,-d,-ing, -ful, -less [insipidness] discrimination] -less,

bad t. Vulgarity, = flavor -ed, -ing, -ful, -less [savoriness]

lack of Indiscrimination

TAX -es, -er, -ed, -ing, -able

TEA -s drink

TEACH -s, -er, Teaching, taught, -able; bad -

TEAM -s, -ed, -ing = crew

TEAR y -s, -ing, tore, torn [sever], -ful

TECHNICAL

TECHNOLOGY -ies

++ [Teen] -s, # 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

TELEPHONE -s, -ed, -ing "phone"

TELEVISION -s Communication

TELL -s, -er, told, -ing {off [reprove] with}

TEN -th #

TERM -s, -ed, -ing

-- [terrible] cf. terror

-- [territory] = land area

TERROR -s

TEST -y -s, -er, -ing [experiment] = Temptation

THAN

THANK -ed, -ing, -s, Gratitude, lack of Ingratitude

THAT those

THE

THEATER -s, Drama

-- [their] cf. they

-- [theirs] cf. they

-- [them] cf. they

THEN Sequence

THEORY -ies

THERE -after, -by, -fore, -with

-- [These] cf. this

THEY their, theirs, them

THICK -er, -est, -ly, -ness

THIN -er, -est, -ly, -ness

THING -s

THINK -s, thought, -ing [philosophy] {out, over, up} -tank

THIRD -s third part

-- [Thirteen] = three + teen #

THIRTY #

THIS these

THOUGH

THOUGHT -s, -less, lessness {out, over, through, up, with}

-ful, -fully, fulness

++ Thread -s, -ed, -ing [filament] -less

THOUSAND -s, #

THREAT -EN -s, -ed, -ing

THREE # -fold; threefoldness

++ Throat -s body part

THROUGH -out

THROW -s, -threw, thrown,-ing,-er {at, away = trash, back [reversion], on, up}

++ Thunder -s, -ed, -ing

++ Ticket -s, -er, -ed, -ing

TIE -s, -er, -ed, -ying, {in = connected, on, over, up = congested, with}

TIGHT -er, -est,-ly,-ness Parsimony

TIME -s, -ly -r, -d, -ing, -less, -table Science of - Chronometry

-- [Tin] = can, metal container

TIRED -ly, -ness, -ing

++ Title -s, Nomenclature -ed, -ing

TO Today, tonight, toward

-- [Today] to + day

Toe -d, -ing

TOGETHER -ness [simultaneousness]

TOMORROW

TONGUE -s, -d, -ing, language

-- [tonight] to + night

TOO

TOOL -s, -ing, -ed

TOOTH y teeth, -ed, -ing

TOP -s, -ped, -per, -ing, - man, side,

TORTURE -s, -d, -r, -ing

TOTAL -s, -led, -ing "totality"

TOUCH y -s, -ed, -ing, touchiness touch two things Contact

++ Tough -s, -er, -est, -ly, -ness

-- [toward] to + ward

++ Tower -s, -ed, -ing, cell -, radio -, tv -, watch-, water -[structure]

TOWN -er, -ship

TRADE -s, Barter -r, -d, -ing, -mark

TRADITION -s, -al, -ally

TRAFFIC -ed, -ing TRAIN -er, -ed [tame], -ing Continuity

TRANSPORT -s, -ed, -er, -ing "Transportation"

TRAVEL -s, -ler cf tourist, -ed, -ing, office, plans

on water Navigation

-- [Treason] denial of homeland, becoming a turncoat

TREASURE -s, -ed, -ing

TREAT -s, -ed, -ing, -able "treatment"

-- [Treatment] cf. treat

TREATY -ies

TREE -s, -d, -ing, -less See American

TRIAL -s

TRIBE -s, -al

TRICK y -s, -er [deceiver]-ed, -ing [Deception]

TRIP -ped, ping {on, over, up} = stumble

-- [Troop] military; group = band, company

TROUBLE -s, Difficulty Exertion -ed, -ing,-maker [evildoer]

TRUCK -s, -ed, -er, -ing -stop

TRUE -r, -est, saying Maxim "Truth" -ful, -less

TRUST y -s, -ing, -ed, -ful

TRY [endeavor], -ied, -ing, -ial

TUBE -s, -ing subway,

TURN -s, Rotation -ed,-ing [convolution]; downturn Recession

{back, in, off, on, -over, to, under, up} = curve Curvature

TWELVE -th #

TWENTY #

-- [Twice] two times

++ Twist -s, Distortion Convulation -ed, -ing

TWO # -ness

++ Type -s, -d, -ing, -set, -writer

UNDER Inferiority, go,lay, take, Undertaking,-wear, world, -writer

UNDERSTAND -s, -stood, -ing Interpretation, [misinterpretation]

++ Unit -s, of measure Unity

UNITE -s, -d, -ing Combination, tie "Union" [concurrence] labor

UNIVERSE -s, -al, -ally

UNIVERSITY -ies

UNLESS

UNTIL

UP -s,-on,-per,-per most,- right, -ness Probity, upset = displeasure,

irritate, up-side down, up-and-down, Vertical -ward

-- [urge] = press

-- [urgent] = pressing

-- [Us] cf We

USE -s, -d, -r,-ing,-ful, -ly, less, Uselessness, -lessly,

[employment]; [consumption], -lessness, loosely

Indiscrimination, -ual

-- [Usual] Habit

++ Utility -ies

VALLEY Concavity -s -filled

VALUE -s, Interpretation -ing, -ed, -able, ableness

VEGETABLE -s

VEHICLE -s, vehicular

++ Verse -s, -d, -ing Poetry, not verse [prose]

-- [Version] = varied account

VERY

VETO -es, -ed, -ing

-- [Vicious] full of faults

VICTIM -s

VICTORY -s, = Success; [triumph]; win

++ VIEW -s, -ed, -ing Visibility -er [spectator], -point [opinion]

VILLAGE -s

-- [Violate] = break rule, do wrong

VIOLENCE "violent" motion Agitation

++ Virtue -s, -al, -ually lack of

VISIT -s, -ed, -ing, -or

VOICE -s, -ed, -ing [utterance]

VOTE -s, -r, -d, -ing

WAGE -s, -d, -r, -ing

WAIT -s, Expectation -er, -ed, -ing {for, on, out, up}

WALK -s, -er, -ed, -ing way = path

WALL -s, -ed, -ing paper

WANT -s, -ed, -ing [shortcoming] Insufficiency

WAR -s, -red, -ing, Warfare, -like = aggression, - machine

++ Ward -s, Defense -ing, -ed {off Repulsion}

WARM -s, -er, -est, -ly, ness, -ed, -ing

WARN -s, -ed, Warning Caution [threat]

WASH -s, -er, -ed, -ing -ing machine

WASTE -s,-r, -d, -ing, ful,-ness [prodigality], Excretion

WATCH -s,-ed,-ing, -er -ful, -fully, -fulness out Caution

WATER y -s, -er, -ed, -ing -fall, -way

WAVE y -s, -r, -d, -ing, = swing Oscillation

WAY -s, -of putting, of speaking [figure of speech] Interpretation {down, out, over, up], -ward, -laid

WE our, ours, us

WEAK -er, -est, -ly, Weakness

WEALTH y -ier, iest

WEAPON s, -ed

WEAR -s, -er,-ing, wore, worn, {at, down, in, off, out, through}

foot, head, leg, neck, outer, play, summer, swim, under, winter -y Weariness

WEATHER -s, -ed, -ing bound

WEEK -s, -ly, end, long,

WEIGHT y -s, -ed, -lifting

WELCOME -s, -d, -r, -ing [hospitality] not w. [inhospitality]

WELL -ness -s, -being, -done, -placed, -put, -thought, -worked

WEST Direction, -erly, -bound, -side, wind

WET -s, -ter, -test, -ted, -ing -ness Moisture, -land [marsh]

WHAT -ever, -soever,

WHEAT grain, food, whole w.

WHEEL -y, -s, -er, -ing

WHEN -ever

WHERE -as, -ever, fore, in, upon

WHICH -ever

WHILE interim -ed, -ing

WHITE -s, -er, -est, -ness Color

WHO whose, whom, -ever, soever

WHOLE -ly, -ness -some, -someness [salubrity] lack of

WHY

WIDE -r, -est, -ly, -ness "width" Breadth widespread

WIFE -ves

WILD -s, -ly, -ness, -life

WILL -s, -ful, -ing, -ingness , lack of, power

WIN Success -s, -ner, -won, -ning - over, with

WIND y -s, -ing, -ed -iness Diffuseness

power

WINDOW -s, -less

WINE -s, -ed drink

WING -s, -ed, -ing, -less

WINTER y -s, -ed, -ing

++ Wipe -s, -er, -ed, -ing off, out, over

WIRE y -s, -ed, -ing, -less

WISE -ly man, "Wisdom" Intelligence

WISH -es, -ed, -ing, -ful, list

WITH -in, -out, -draw, -hold, -stand,

-- [Withdraw] -al with + draw

-- [without] with + out

WOMAN y -ly women

WONDER -s, -ful, -ing, -ed; great wonder = awe [dread][Reverence]

-- [wonderful] cf wonder

WOOD y -s, -ed, -heat, heater, -land

WOOL -s, type of fiber

WORD y -s, -less; -structure Grammar, false -iness Diffuseness

my word Promise

WORK -s,-er [employee] -ed, -ing -place {off, out = exercise,

over, together [co-operation], up, with}

WORLD -s, = Universe -ly,-liness Wide Web = Internet, -to come Destiny

WORRY -ies, -ier, -ied, -ing, -filled

-- [worse] cf. bad

++ Worship -s, -er, -ing false Idolatry, House of w. Temple

WORTH y -less,

WOUND -s, -ed, -ing

WRECK -s, -ed, -er, -ing

WRITE -s, -er, wrote, written, Writing, Sacred Writings,

written structure Grammer

WRONG -s, -ly, -ness, -ful; -fulness; w.doing -

headed

YEAR -s, -ly -after-year period

YELLOW -s, -ed, -ing, -ness Color

YES -es Affirmation, Assent

YESTERDAY -s

YET

YOU your, -s, -self

-- [your] cf you

-- [yours] cf you

YOUNG -er, -est, -like Youth

ZERO -es

-----------------













































ADDITIONAL and LISTED WORDS



-TH breath, death, depth, growth, height, length, truth, width,

-------------------------

Listed words:

a) food & drinks: apple, bread, butter, cheese, coffee, corn, egg, fish, fruit, meat, milk, orange, potato, rice, sugar, tea, vegetable, wheat, wine

b) clothing: coat, dress, hat, jacket, pants, shirt, skirt, stocking

c) metal: gold, iron, lead, silver, steel

d) science & art: administration, agriculture, astronomy, biology, chemistry, computer science, ecology, education, history, language, law, library science, medicine, music, philosophy, physical ed., political science, psychology, religion, social science, social work, speech, theater



American Government & Proper Names 76 Words



United States Declaration of Independence

U.S. Constitution

President, Vice-president

Congress, Senate, House of Representatives



Department-- Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Health, Education,

and Welfare, Interior, Labor,

Post Office, State, Treasury, Veteran's Affairs, Secretary



Supreme Court, Circuit Court, County Court, District Court



Agencies: Federal Bureau of Investigation

Federal Trade Commission

Internal Revenue Commission

Social Security Administration

Bureau of Census

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Bureau of Land Reclamation

Bureau of Standards and Measures

National Institutes of Health

National Park Service

Peace Corps

Surgeon General

Transportation Department: Interstate



Association, Region, Republic,

Months: Jan, Feb, March, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec



Days: Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thur, Fri, Sat



Holidays: Arbor, Christmas, Decoration, Easter, Halloween, Pentecost

Independence, Labor, Memorial, New Year's, Passover,

Thanksgiving



Places: Statue of Liberty, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial,

U.S. Capitol, Pentagon



Other: "Star Spangled Banner," "Stars and Stripes," Old Glory"

Pledge Allegiance

Internet, World Wide Web



American Foods 127 Words

Nutrition

bake goods -- bread, bagel, biscuit, bun, cake, cobbler, cookie, donut, pie, toast, waffle

berry -- black-, blue-, cranberry, raspberry, strawberry

cultural -- chili, gravy, grits, macaroni, pancake, pasta, pizza,

Sandwich, sauerkraut, soup, spaghetti, stew

drink -- beer, coffee, juice, lemonade, tea, whiskey, wine

fish -- anchovies, catfish, clam, crab, lobster, oyster,

salmon, sardines, shrimp, tuna

fruit -- apple, apricot, banana, cherry, grape, grapefruit, lemon,

lime, orange, peach, pear, pineapple, plum, prune, raisin

grain -- barley, bran, cereal, cob, corn, oats, popcorn, rice, rye, wheat

meat: bacon, barbecue, beef, breast, burger, chicken, ham, hash, lamb, liver, pork, ribs, sausage, steak, stew,

ribs, turkey, veal

milk: butter, cheese, cream, yogurt

nuts; almond, peanut

oil: corn, olive, soy

salad: slaw

spread: catsup, horse + radish, margarine, mayonnaise, mustard, pickle sauce

sweets: candy, chocolate, custard, dessert, honey, comb

jam, jelly, preserve, syrup

vegetable: bean, beet, broccoli, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower,

celery, collards, corn, cucumber, endive, kale, lettuce,

onion, pea, potato, pumpkin, spinach, squash, tomato, turnip

cooking ways: boil, broil, chew, chip, chop, fry, mash, roast, slice

meal: breakfast, lunch, supper



Other American Words 186 words



Amer. Agriculture: barn, farm, harvest, hay, hoe, mow

pasture, plow, silo, sow, till, tractor



Buildings: apartment, arena, auditorium, chapel, condominium, depot,

diner, lodge, motel, restaurant, supermarket



Business: brand, cart, discount, funeral, grocery, lease,

liability, lottery, rent, sale, shop, stock



Amer. consumer goods: tissue, toilet, towel, wiper, wrap



Amer. Crafts: carve, mold, needle, sew, spin, weave



Amer. Education: certificate, class, course, desk, diploma, fee,

grade, junior, senior, session, sophomore, tuition



Amer. Environment: erosion, recycle, renew(able), toxic



Amer. Government: divorce, estate, license, marriage



Amer. Health: ambulance, clinic, hospice, prescription, surgery,

therapy



Amer. Household: appliance, bath, carpet, cushion, fan, fork,

kitchen, pillow, porch, range, refrigerator, sheet, spoon, swing



Amer. Land: creek, knob, lawn, orchard, cove, plain, prairie,

reservation



Amer. Money: cent, dime, dollar, nickel, penny,



Amer. Measure: acre, barrel,bushel, gallon, inch, mile, ounce,

pint, pound, quart, ton, yard



General -- gram, liter, meter,



Type -- king, queen bed

Amer. Recreation: amusement, band, baseball, bike, bowl,

dive, gamble, golf, hike, hockey, jog, pitch, polo, row

soccer, tennis, tourist, track, volleyball, wrestling



Amer. sayings: caution, hello, good-bye, merry, okay, pardon



Amer.titles: attorney, aunt, bishop, captain, gentleman, grand,

lady, lord, madam, major, master, mister, sir, uncle



Amer. Transportation: curve, departure, entrance, exit, flight, interchange,

jet, junction, lane, merge, pedestrian, route, shoulder, subway, toll,

trail, yield



Weather: hail, hurricane, lightning, shower, sleet, tornado



Worship: altar, baptism, communion, hymn, matrimony, psalm, sacrament

Scripture



Regional Words 111 Words



These words are common in Eastern United States (Appalachia).



Eastern American Animals:

Wild: bear, beaver, bison, bobcat, chipmunk, coyote, deer, elk, fox,

groundhog, lizard, mink, mole, mouse, muskrat, opossum,

rabbit, raccoon, rat, snake, skunk, vole, weasel, wolf, woodchuck

Birds: cardinal, crow, dove, duck, eagle, finch, hawk, goose,

hummingbird, jay, mockingbird, owl, pheasant, pigeon, quail,

robin, sparrow, swallow, vulture, woodpecker

Farm: bull, calf, goat, hog, horse, mule, pig, cow sheep

House Pet: cat, dog

Water: frog, mussel, turtle

Insects: ant, bee, bug, cricket, flea, fly, gnat, grasshopper,

hornet, mosquito, spider, wasp, worm, yellow jacket

Total: 65



Eastern Amer. Plants: dandelion, elderberry, ginseng, hemp, lily, marijuana,

mushroom, orchid, rose, sage, tobacco, violet

trees: ash, beech, birch, buckeye, cedar, chestnut, elm, fir, gum,

hackberry, hazelnut, hemlock, hickory, locust, maple,

mulberry, oak, papaw, pecan, persimmon, pine, poplar, spruce,

sycamore, walnut, willow

herb -- dill, garlic, mint, spice Total: 40

Also: folk, kin, patch, poke, pike, quilt Total: 6

#####











Substitute Listing





Afraid = fearful

Aid = help

Behavior = practice, conduct

Blemish = mark

Capture = take

Cavity = hollow

Chart = map

Goad = egg

Heap = pile

Penalty = fine

Rank = position

Regard = consider

Relinquishment = leave

Ridicule = laugh at

Scare = frighten

Subsidy = payment

Substratum = floor

Terminal = end

Topic = subject